Bacitracin: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 15:37, 7 January 2014

Bacitracin
BACIIM^® FDA Package Insert
Description
Clinical Pharmacology
Indications and Usage
Contraindications
Warnings and Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Dosage and Administration
How Supplied
Labels and Packages

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamed Moubarak, M.D. [2]

Overview

Bacitracin is a mixture of related cyclic polypeptides produced by organisms of the licheniformis group of Bacillus subtilis var Tracy. Its unique name derives from the fact that the bacillus producing it was first isolated in 1943 from a knee scrape from a girl named Margaret Tracy.^[1] As a toxic and difficult-to-use antibiotic, bacitracin doesn't work well orally. However, it is very effective topically.

Bacitracin is synthesised via the so-called nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), which means that ribosomes are not involved in its synthesis.

US Brand Names

BACIIM^®

FDA Package Insert

Mechanism of Action

Bacitracin interferes with the dephosphorylation of the C₅₅-isoprenyl pyrophosphate, a molecule which carries the building blocks of the peptidoglycan bacterial cell wall outside of the inner membrane [3].

References

↑ Johnson B, Anker H, Meleney F (1945). "Bacitracin: a new antibiotic produced by a member of the B. subtilis group". Science 102 (2650): 376–377.

[1] Johnson B, Anker H, Meleney F (1945). "Bacitracin: a new antibiotic produced by a member of the B. subtilis group". Science 102 (2650): 376–377.

[1]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{drugbox
+__NOTOC__
-| IUPAC_name = (4''R'')-4-[(2''S'')-2-({2-[(1''S'')-1-amino-2-methylbutyl]- 4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl}formamido)-4-methylpentanamido]-4-{[(1''S'')- 1-{[(3''S'',6''R'',9''S'',12''R'',15''S'',18''R'',21''S'')- 18-(3-aminopropyl)-12-benzyl-15-(butan-2-yl)-3-(carbamoylmethyl)- 6-(carboxymethyl)-9-(1''H''-imidazol-5-ylmethyl)-2,5,8,11,14,17,20- heptaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16,19-heptaazacyclopentacosan-21-yl]carbamoyl}- 2-methylbutyl]carbamoyl}butanoic acid
+{{Bacitracin}}
-| image = Bacitracin A.svg.png
+{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{MM}}
-| CAS_number = 1405-87-4
-| ATC_prefix = D06
-| ATC_suffix = AX05
-| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|R02|AB04}}
-| PubChem = 439542
-| DrugBank = APRD00816
-| C = 66 | H = 103 | N = 17 | O = 16 | S = 1
-| molecular_weight = 1422.69 g/mol
-| bioavailability =
-| protein_bound =
-| metabolism =
-| elimination_half-life =
-| pregnancy_category =
-| legal_status = OTC/℞-only
-| routes_of_administration = [[Topical]], [[Intramuscular injection|intramuscular]]
-}}
-{{SI}}
-{{CMG}}
 ==Overview==
@@ Line 28: / Line 8: @@
 Bacitracin is synthesised via the so-called nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs), which means that [[ribosome]]s are not involved in its [[nonribosomal peptide|synthesis]].
-==Mechanism of action==
+==Category==
-Bacitracin interferes with the dephosphorylation of the [[carbon|C]]<sub>55</sub>-isoprenyl pyrophosphate, a molecule which carries the building blocks of the [[peptidoglycan]] bacterial [[cell wall]] outside of the inner membrane [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/68/12/3223].
+[[beta-lactam antibiotic]]s
-==Clinical use==
+==US Brand Names==
-Bacitracin is used in human medicine and is "approved by the [[FDA]] for use in chickens and turkeys."<ref name="disc">[http://discovermagazine.com/2007/sep/better-planet Antibiotic use on the farm hurts people—and doesn’t help the bottom line.] [[Discover Magazine]].  Accessed on [[September 16]], [[2007]].</ref>
+BACIIM<sup>®</sup>
-As bacitracin zinc salt, and in combination with other topical antibiotics (usually [[polymyxin B]] and [[neomycin]]), it is used in [[ointment]] form for topical treatment of a variety of localized skin and eye infections, as well as for the prevention of wound [[infection]]s. In the [[United States]] a popular brand name [[Neosporin]] contains Bacitracin as one of its [[antibiotic]] agents along with [[Neomycin]] and [[Polymyxin B]]. Bacitracin can also be bought in pure form for those with allergies.
+==FDA Package Insert==
+'''[[Bacitracin description|Description]]'''
+'''| [[Bacitracin clinical pharmacology|Clinical Pharmacology]]'''
+'''| [[Bacitracin microbiology|Microbiology]]'''
+'''| [[Bacitracin indications and usage|Indications and Usage]]'''
+'''| [[Bacitracin contraindications|Contraindications]]'''
+'''| [[Bacitracin warnings and precautions|Warnings and Precautions]]'''
+'''| [[Bacitracin adverse reactions|Adverse Reactions]]'''
+'''| [[Bacitracin overdosage|Overdosage]]'''
+'''| [[Bacitracin dosage and administration|Dosage and Administration]]'''
+'''| [[Bacitracin how supplied|How Supplied]]'''
-It is also commonly used as an aftercare antibiotic on tattoos.  It is preferred over Neosporin because of its fewer ingredients, which lowers chances of an allergic reaction.<ref>http://tattoo.about.com/cs/tatfaq/a/aftrcr_cntrdctn.htm</ref>
+==Mechanism of Action==
+Bacitracin interferes with the dephosphorylation of the [[carbon|C]]<sub>55</sub>-isoprenyl pyrophosphate, a molecule which carries the building blocks of the [[peptidoglycan]] bacterial [[cell wall]] outside of the inner membrane [http://www.pnas.org/cgi/content/abstract/68/12/3223].
-In infants, it is sometimes administered [[intramuscular]]ly for the treatment of [[pneumonia]]s. This formulation is sold under the brand name Baciim®.
 ==References==
-<div class="references-small"><references/></div>
+{{Reflist|2}}
-{{Antibiotics and chemotherapeutics for dermatological use}}
-{{PolypeptideAntiBiotics}}
-{{Throat preparations}}
-[[Category:Polypeptide antibiotics]]
-<br>
-[[fr:Bacitracine]]
+[[Category:Antibiotics]]
-[[ja:バシトラシン]]
+[[Category:Wikinfect]]
-{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
-{{WikiDoc Sources}}