Cardiac tamponade resident survival guide: Difference between revisions
Line 15: | Line 15: | ||
❑ Prodrome:<br> | ❑ Prodrome:<br> | ||
♦[[Fever]] <br> ♦[[Malaise]] <br> ♦[[Myalgia]]<br> | ♦[[Fever]] <br> ♦[[Malaise]] <br> ♦[[Myalgia]]<br> | ||
❑ Retrosternal or left precordial [[chest pain]]<br> | ❑ Retrosternal or left precordial [[chest pain]]:<br> | ||
♦Radiates to trapezius ridge<br> ♦Can be pleuritic <br> ♦Can simulate ischemia <br> ♦Varies with posture <br> | ♦Radiates to trapezius ridge<br> ♦Can be pleuritic <br> ♦Can simulate ischemia <br> ♦Varies with posture <br> | ||
</div> }} | </div> }} |
Revision as of 19:26, 17 January 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ayokunle Olubaniyi, M.B,B.S [2]
Definitions
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
Management
Shown below is an algorithm showing acute pericarditis management.[1]
Characterize the symptoms: ❑ Prodrome: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Auscultation: ❑ Pericardial rub | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Perform ECG: ❑ Convexly elevated J-ST segment | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Echocardiography: ❑ Effusion types B- D according to Horowitz classification: ♦ Type A: No effusion ♦ Type B: Separation of epicardium and pericardium (3–16 ml) ♦ Type C 1: Systolic and diastolic separation of epicardium and pericardium (small effusion >16 ml) ♦ Type C 2: Systolic and diastolic separation of epicardium and pericardium with attenuated pericardial motion ♦ Type D: Pronounced separation of epicardium and pericardium with large echo- free space ♦ Type E: Pericardial thickening (>4 mm) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Evidence of pericardial effusion | Order lab tests: ❑ Inflammation markers: ♦ESR ♦CRP ♦LDH ❑ Markers of myocardial lesion: ♦Troponin I ♦CK MB | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Horowitz Classification
Dos
Don'ts
References
- ↑ Maisch B, Seferović PM, Ristić AD, Erbel R, Rienmüller R, Adler Y; et al. (2004). "Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases executive summary; The Task force on the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases of the European society of cardiology". Eur Heart J. 25 (7): 587–610. doi:10.1016/j.ehj.2004.02.002. PMID 15120056.