Thrombocytopenia causes: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Life Threatening Causes=== | ===Life Threatening Causes=== | ||
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. | |||
*[[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] | |||
* [[HELLP syndrome]] | |||
===Common Causes=== | ===Common Causes=== | ||
Revision as of 21:59, 1 February 2014
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Thrombocytopenia Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Thrombocytopenia causes On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Thrombocytopenia causes |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Thrombocytopenia causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]
Overview
There are two broad mechanisms for the causes of thrombocytopenia: Reduced platelet production and increased platelet destruction. Thrombocytopenia is seen in a variety of infectious and genetic disorders as well as a side effect of a large list of medications.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
Causes by Organ System
Causes in Alphabetical Order
Decreased production
Vitamin deficiencies
- Vitamin B12 deficiency
- Folic acid deficiency
- Iron deficiency
Hematologic disorders
- Pancytopenia
- Aplastic anemia
- Acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Acute myeloid leukemia
- Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
- Chronic myeloid leukaemia
- Hairy cell leukaemia
- Myeloma
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- Myelodysplastic syndrome
- Myelofibrosis
Reduced thrombopoiesis due to reduced thrombopoietin production
- Decreased production of thrombopoietin by the liver in liver failure.
Infectious etiologies
- Sepsis, systemic viral or bacterial infection
- Dengue fever can cause thrombocytopenia by direct infection of bone marrow megakaryocytes as well as immunological shortened platelet survival
- Protozoa and protozoal conditions
- Visceral leishmaniasis
- Human granulocytic ehrlichiosis
- Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
- Mycoplasma pneumonia
- Staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome
- Epstein-Barr virus
- Hantavirus
- HIV-1 disease
- Infectious mononucleosis
- Lassa fever
- Measles
- Mumps
- Oklahoma tick fever
- Rubella
- Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Tick born encephalitis
Intrauterine acquired conditions
Hereditary syndromes
- Congenital Amegakaryocytic Thrombocytopenia (CAMT)
- Bernard-Soulier syndrome, associated with large platelets
- May-Hegglin anomaly, the combination of thrombocytopenia, pale-blue leuckocyte inclusions, and giant platelets
- Grey platelet syndrome
- Alport syndrome
Chromosomal abnormalities
Mendelian inherited conditions
- Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1
- Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2
- Radial aplasia-thrombocytopenia syndrome or Thrombocytopenia absent radius syndrome
- von Willebrand disease, platelet type
Autosomal dominant conditions
- Arias oculootoradial syndrome
- Complement factor H deficiency
- Fechtner syndrome
- May-Hegglin anomaly
- Platelet glycoprotein 4 deficiency
- Sebastian platelet syndrome
Autosomal recessive conditions
- Chediak-Higashi disease
- Dibasic aminoaciduria type 2
- Familial histiocytic reticulosis
- Fanconi anaemia
- Folate malabsorption hereditary
- Gaucher disease
- Griscelli syndrome type 1
- Histiocytosis X
- Holocarboxylase synthase deficiency
- Iminodipeptiduria
- Isovaleric acidaemia
- Methylmalonic aciduria type 2
- Neuroectodermal melanolysosomal disease
- Niemann-Pick disease type B
- Omenn syndrome
- Platelet glycoprotein Ib deficiency
- Propionyl-CoA carboxylase deficiency PCCA type
- Sea blue histiocytosis
- Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
X-linked inherited conditions
- GATA1-related cytopenia
- Immunodysregulation polyendocrinopathy and enteropathy, X-linked
- Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
- X-linked hyperimmunoglobulin M syndrome
- Mitochondrial genome inherited conditions
- MELAS
Chemical exposure
- Strontium-89
- Zinc
Increased destruction
Hematologic Disorders
- Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
- Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)
- Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
- Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
- Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia (NAITP)
- Following transfusion or post transfusion alloimmune thrombocytopenia
- Evans syndrome
- Macrophage activation syndrome
Cardiovascular causes
- Cholesterol embolism
- Intraaortic balloon pump placement
- Endocarditis
Obstetric disorders
Autoimmunde Disorders
Infectious Disorders
- Dengue fever has been shown to cause shortened platelet survival and immunological platelet destruction
- HIV [3]
Other disorders
- Splenic sequestration of platelets due to hypersplenism
Medication-induced
Thrombocytopenia associated with medications can be due to either a reduction in production of platelets or increased destruction.
List of potential etiologies:
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Sulphonamides Drugs, hormones and mediators Aclarubicin Anazolene Antithymocyte globulin Arsenic trioxide
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Guanidinium Haem arginate Methyldopate
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Para-amino salicylic acid Sulphasalazine Sunitinib malate |
Epiphenomenon
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome Paraneoplastic syndrome