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| __NOTOC__
| | #REDIRECT [[Clonidine#Overdosage]] |
| {{Clonidine}}
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| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{PB}}
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| '''''For patient information, click [[Clonidine (patient information)|here]]'''''.
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| ==Overdosage==
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| [[Hypertension]] may develop early and may be followed by [[hypotension]], [[bradycardia]], respiratory depression, [[hypothermia]], drowsiness, decreased or absent reflexes, weakness, irritability and [[miosis]]. The frequency of CNS depression may be higher in children than adults. Large overdoses may result in reversible cardiac conduction defects or [[dysrhythmias]], [[apnea]], [[coma]] and [[seizures]]. Signs and symptoms of overdose generally occur within 30 minutes to two hours after exposure. As little as 0.1 mg of clonidine has produced signs of toxicity in children.
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| There is no specific antidote for clonidine overdosage. Clonidine overdosage may result in the rapid development of CNS depression; therefore, induction of vomiting with ipecac syrup is not recommended. Gastric lavage may be indicated following recent and/or large ingestions. Administration of activated charcoal and/or a cathartic may be beneficial. Supportive care may include atropine sulfate for [[bradycardia]], intravenous fluids and/or [[vasopressor]] agents for [[hypotension]] and [[vasodilators]] for [[hypertension]]. Naloxone may be a useful adjunct for the management of clonidine-induced respiratory depression, [[hypotension]] and/or coma; blood pressure should be monitored since the administration of [[naloxone]] has occasionally resulted in paradoxical hypertension. Dialysis is not likely to significantly enhance the elimination of clonidine.
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| The largest overdose reported to date involved a 28-year old male who ingested 100 mg of clonidine hydrochloride powder. This patient developed hypertension followed by [[hypotension]], [[bradycardia]], [[apnea]], [[hallucinations]], semicoma, and premature ventricular contractions. The patient fully recovered after intensive treatment. Plasma clonidine levels were 60 ng/ml after 1 hour, 190 ng/ml after 1.5 hours, 370 ng/ml after 2 hours, and 120 ng/ml after 5.5 and 6.5 hours. In mice and rats, the oral LD50 of clonidine is 206 and 465 mg/kg, respectively.<ref name="dailymed.nlm.nih.gov">{{Cite web | last = | first = | title = CATAPRES (CLONIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE) TABLET [BOEHRINGER INGELHEIM PHARMACEUTICALS INC.] | url = http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/lookup.cfm?setid=d7f569dc-6bed-42dc-9bec-940a9e6b090d | publisher = | date = | accessdate = 5 February 2014 }}</ref>
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| ==References==
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| {{Reflist|2}}
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| {{Antimigraine preparations}}
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| | [[Category:Cardiovascular Drugs]] |
| [[Category:Drugs]] | | [[Category:Drugs]] |