Divalproex sodium: Difference between revisions
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==Mechanism of Action== | ==Mechanism of Action== | ||
Revision as of 03:00, 7 February 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
For patient information about Valproic acid, click here.
Synonyms / Brand Names: Depakote®, Depakote ER®, Depakote Sprinkles®
Overview
Valproic acid (VPA, Valproate), an acidic chemical compound, has found clinical use as an anticonvulsant and mood-stabilizing drug, primarily in the treatment of epilepsy, bipolar disorder, and, less commonly, major depression. It is also used to treat migraine headaches. VPA is a liquid at room temperature, but it can be reacted with a base such as sodium hydroxide to form the salt sodium valproate, which is a solid. The acid, salt, or a mixture of the two (valproate semisodium) are marketed under the various brand names Depakote, Depakote ER, Depakene, Depakine, Depakine Crono (extended release in Spain), Depacon, Dépakine, Valparin, and Stavzor.
Approved uses of the various formulations vary by country; e.g., valproate semisodium is used as a mood stabilizer and also in the US as an anticonvulsant.
VPA is a histone deacetylase inhibitor and is under investigation for treatment of HIV and various cancers.[1]
FDA Package Insert
DEPAKOTE (divalproex sodium) tablet, delayed release
Indications and Usage | Dosage and Administration | Dosage Forms and Strengths | Contraindications | Warnings and Precautions | Adverse Reactions | Drug Interactions | Use in Specific Populations | Overdosage | Description | Clinical Pharmacology | Nonclinical Toxicology | Clinical Studies | How Supplied/Storage and Handling | Patient Counseling Information | Labels and Packages
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Mechanism of Action
Valproate is believed to affect the function of the neurotransmitter GABA in the human brain, making it an alternative to lithium salts in treatment of bipolar disorder. Its mechanism of action includes enhanced neurotransmission of GABA (by inhibiting GABA transaminase, which breaks down GABA). However, several other mechanisms of action in neuropsychiatric disorders have been proposed for valproic acid in recent years.[2]
Valproic acid also blocks voltage-gated sodium channels and T-type calcium channels. These mechanisms make valproic acid a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant drug.
Valproic acid is an inhibitor of the enzyme histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), hence it is a histone deacetylase inhibitor.
References
- ↑ PMID 22318143 (PMID 22318143)
Citation will be completed automatically in a few minutes. Jump the queue or expand by hand - ↑ PMID 17514356 (PMID 17514356)
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