Norovirus infection resident survival guide: Difference between revisions

Revision as of 23:31, 9 February 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Twinkle Singh, M.B.B.S. [2]

Definition

Norovirus is one of the extremely contagious viruses leading to 50% of the gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide.^[1]

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Management

Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the approach to norovirus infection outbreak.

Characterize the symptoms

❑ Non bloody diarrhea
❑ Vomiting
❑ Nausea
❑ Abdominal cramps
❑ Low grade fever
❑ Body aches
❑ Necrotising enterocolitis (in neonates)
❑ Chronic diarrhea (in immunosuppressed)
❑ Irritable bowel syndrome

Collect samples

❑ Whole stool sample
Collection:

❑ Within 48 to 72 hrs after onset

❑ From at least 5 ill patients

❑ 10-50 ml of whole stool sample in a stool cup is preferred.

Storage:

❑ If testing can be done within 3 weeks

❑ Refrigerate samples at 39 F

❑ If testing is done after 3 weeks

❑ Refrigerate samples at - 4 F

Transportation:

❑ Bagged, sealed and transported on ice packs in an insulated and waterproof container.

❑ Vomitus sample

❑ Collected, stored and transported in same ways as mentioned above for stool sample

Do's

Settings prone to outbreaks:

❑ Health care settings
❑ Restraunts
❑ Cruise ships
❑ Schools and other institutional settings

References

↑ Patel MM, Hall AJ, Vinjé J, Parashar UD (2009). "Noroviruses: a comprehensive review". J Clin Virol. 44 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2008.10.009. PMID 19084472.

[pmid19084472-1] Patel MM, Hall AJ, Vinjé J, Parashar UD (2009). "Noroviruses: a comprehensive review". J Clin Virol. 44 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2008.10.009. PMID 19084472.

[1]

@@ Line 20: / Line 20: @@
 ==Management==
-Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the approach to [[norovirus]] infection.
+Shown below is an algorithm summarizing the approach to [[norovirus]] infection outbreak.
 {{familytree/start |summary=PE diagnosis Algorithm.}}
-{{familytree | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; height: 18em; width: 22em; padding:1em;">'''Characterize the symptoms'''<br>
+{{familytree | | | | | | | A01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |A01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; height: 18em; width: 25em; padding:1em;">'''Characterize the symptoms'''<br>
 ----
 ❑ Non bloody [[diarrhea]]<br>❑ [[Vomiting]]<br>❑ [[Nausea]]<br>❑ [[Abdominal cramps]]<br>❑ [[Low grade fever]]<br>❑ Body aches <br>❑ [[Necrotising enterocolitis]] (in [[neonates]])<br>❑ Chronic diarrhea (in [[immunosuppressed]])<br> ❑ [[Irritable bowel syndrome]]</div>}}
 {{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}
-{{familytree | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |B01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; height: 14em; width: 22em; padding:1em;">'''Take measures to prevent outbreaks'''<br>
+{{familytree | | | | | | | B01 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |B01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; height: 35em; width: 25em; padding:1em;">'''Collect samples'''<br>
 ----
+❑ '''Whole [[stool]] sample'''<br>
+'''Collection:'''<br>
+: ❑ Within 48 to 72 hrs after onset<br>
+: ❑ From at least 5 ill patients<br>
+: ❑ 10-50 ml of whole stool sample in a stool cup is preferred.<br>
+'''Storage:'''<br>
+: ❑ If testing can be done within 3 weeks
+:: ❑ Refrigerate samples at 39 F<br>
+: ❑ If testing is done after 3 weeks<br>
+:: ❑ Refrigerate samples at - 4 F<br>
+'''Transportation:'''<br>
+: ❑ Bagged, sealed and transported on ice packs in an insulated and waterproof container.
+----
+❑ '''Vomitus sample''' <br>
+: ❑ Collected, stored and transported in same ways as mentioned above for stool sample<br>
 </div>}}
 {{familytree | | | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | }}