Delirium causes: Difference between revisions
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| '''Infectious Disease''' | | '''Infectious Disease''' | ||
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Viral hemorrhagic Fever]], [[Vancomycin resistant enterococcal bacteremia]], [[Urinary tract infection]], [[Typhoid fever]], [[systemic inflammatory response syndrome]], Systemic | |bgcolor="Beige"|[[Viral hemorrhagic Fever]], [[Vancomycin resistant enterococcal bacteremia]], [[Urinary tract infection]], [[Typhoid fever]], [[systemic inflammatory response syndrome]], [[Systemic infection]], [[Wound#infectionSurgical wound infection]], [[Subdural empyema]], [[Sleeping sickness (West African)]], [[Sleeping sickness (East African)]], [[Sepsis]], [[Rickettsiae]], [[Rabies ]], [[Pyelonephritis, acute]], [[Plague ]], [[Neurocysticercosis]], [[Malaria]], [[Central nervous system infection|Intraspinal abscess / granuloma, Intracranial abscess / granuloma]], [[Gangrene ]], Chest infection, [[Cerebral malaria]],[[Central nervous system infection|Brain or epidural abscess]], [[Brain infection]] | ||
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*[[Intracranial abscess / granuloma]] | *[[Intracranial abscess / granuloma]] | ||
*[[Intracranial bleeding]] | *[[Intracranial bleeding]] | ||
*Intraspinal abscess / granuloma | *[[Central nervous system infection|Intraspinal abscess / granuloma]] | ||
*Jimson weed | *[[Datura stramonium|Jimson weed]] | ||
*[[Lead]] | *[[Lead]] | ||
*Leukemic blast cell crisis | *[[Acute lymphoblastic leukemia natural history, complications and prognosis|Leukemic blast cell crisis]] | ||
*[[Lithium]] | *[[Lithium]] | ||
*[[Liver failure]] | *[[Liver failure]] | ||
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*Mental stress | *Mental stress | ||
*[[Methanol]] | *[[Methanol]] | ||
*[[Muscle relaxant]] | |||
*[[Neurocysticercosis]] | *[[Neurocysticercosis]] | ||
*Niacin deficiencies | *[[Niacin|Niacin deficiencies]] | ||
*Nickel | *[[Nickel|Nickel poisoning]] | ||
*[[Nonconvulsive status epilepticus]] | *[[Nonconvulsive status epilepticus]] | ||
{{ColBreak}} | {{ColBreak}} | ||
*[[Organic solvent]] | *[[Organic solvent]] | ||
*[[Phaeochromocytoma]] | *[[Phaeochromocytoma]] | ||
*Phencyclidine | *[[Phencyclidine]] | ||
*[[Pituitary apoplexy]] | *[[Pituitary apoplexy]] | ||
*[[Plague]] | *[[Plague]] | ||
*Poison hemlock | *[[Conium|Poison hemlock]] | ||
*[[Polycythemia]] | *[[Polycythemia]] | ||
*[[Porphyria]] | *[[Porphyria]] | ||
* | *[[Postictal state]] | ||
*Postoperative stress | *Postoperative stress | ||
*[[Pyelonephritis, acute]] | *[[Pyelonephritis, acute]] | ||
*Quinolones | *[[Quinolones]] | ||
*[[Rabies]] | *[[Rabies]] | ||
*[[Raised intracranial pressure]] | *[[Raised intracranial pressure]] | ||
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*[[Sepsis]] | *[[Sepsis]] | ||
*[[Serotonin syndrome]] | *[[Serotonin syndrome]] | ||
*[[Skull fracture]] | *[[Skull fracture]] | ||
*[[Sleeping sickness (East African)]] | *[[Sleeping sickness (East African)]] | ||
*[[Sleeping sickness (West African)]] | *[[Sleeping sickness (West African)]] | ||
*[[Subdural empyema]] | *[[Subdural empyema]] | ||
* | *[[Wound#infectionSurgical wound infection]] | ||
*Systemic | *[[Systemic infection]] | ||
*[[systemic inflammatory response syndrome]] | *[[systemic inflammatory response syndrome]] | ||
*Systemic organ failure | *Systemic organ failure | ||
*Texas Mescalbean poisoning | *[[Mescalbean|Texas Mescalbean poisoning]] | ||
*[[Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency]] | *[[Thiamine (Vitamin B1) deficiency]] | ||
*Thallium Sulfate poisoning | *[[Thallium|Thallium Sulfate poisoning]] | ||
*[[Thrombocytosis]] | *[[Thrombocytosis]] | ||
*[[Toluene]] | *[[Toluene]] | ||
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*[[Vasculitis]] | *[[Vasculitis]] | ||
*[[Venous sinus thrombosis]] | *[[Venous sinus thrombosis]] | ||
*Viral | *[[Viral hemorrhagic Fever]] | ||
*[[Vitamin B12 deficiency]] | *[[Vitamin B12 deficiency]] | ||
*Water hemlock poisoning | *[[Conium|Water hemlock poisoning]] | ||
*[[Wernicke's encephalopathy]] | *[[Wernicke's encephalopathy]] | ||
*[[Wilson's disease]] | *[[Wilson's disease]] | ||
*Withdrawal states | *Withdrawal states e.g. [[ethanol]], [[benzodiazepines]] | ||
{{EndMultiCol}} | {{EndMultiCol}} | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 21:55, 26 February 2014
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Delirium Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Delirium On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Delirium |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Vishal Khurana, M.B.B.S., M.D. [2]; Pratik Bahekar, MBBS [3]
Overview
Delirium may be caused by severe physical or mental illness, or any process which interferes with the normal metabolism or function of the brain e.g., fever, pain, poison (including toxic drug reactions), brain injury, surgery, traumatic shock, severe lack of food or water or sleep, and even withdrawal symptoms of certain drug and alcohol dependent states, are all known to cause delirium. In addition, there is an interaction between acute and chronic symptoms of brain dysfunction; delirious states are more easily produced in people already suffering with underlying chronic brain dysfunction.
A very common cause of delirium in elderly people is a urinary tract infection, which is easily treatable with antibiotics, reversing the delirium. Delirium, like mental confusion, is a very general and nonspecific symptom of organ dysfunction, where the organ in question is the brain. In addition to many organic causes relating to a structural defect or a metabolic problem in the brain (analogous to hardware problems in a computer), there are also some psychiatric causes, which may also include a component of mental or emotional stress, mental disease, or other "programming" problems (analogous to software problems in a computer).
Common Causes of Delirium
Delirium is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes. A mnemonic for the myriad causes of Delirium: IWATCHDEATH
- Infections (Pneumonia, Urinary Tract Infections)
- Withdrawal (Ethanol,opiate)
- Acute Metabolic (acidosis, alkalosis, renal failure, electrolyte imbalances)
- Trauma (acute severe pain)
- Central nervous system pathology (epilepsy, cerebral hemorrhage)
- Hypoxia
- Vitamin Deficiencies (vitamin B12, thiamine)
- Endocriopathies
- Acute vascular (Stroke, MI, PE, heart failure)
- Heavy metals
- Toxins/drugs.