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==Prise en Charge==
==Prise en Charge==
Montré ci-dessous est un algorithme illustrant la prise en charge de l'appendicite selon les lignes directrices de la Société de l'infection chirurgicale et l'Infectious Diseases Society of America et les politiques cliniques de l'American College of Emergency Physicians.<ref name="pmid20034345">{{cite journal| author=Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Bradley JS, Rodvold KA, Goldstein EJ, Baron EJ et al.| title=Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2010 | volume= 50 | issue= 2 | pages= 133-64 | pmid=20034345 | doi=10.1086/649554 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20034345  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20116016">{{cite journal| author=Howell JM, Eddy OL, Lukens TW, Thiessen ME, Weingart SD, Decker WW et al.| title=Clinical policy: Critical issues in the evaluation and management of emergency department patients with suspected appendicitis. | journal=Ann Emerg Med | year= 2010 | volume= 55 | issue= 1 | pages= 71-116 | pmid=20116016 | doi=10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.10.004 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20116016  }} </ref>
Montré ci-dessous est un algorithme illustrant la prise en charge de l'appendicite selon les lignes directrices de la Société de l'infection chirurgicale et l'Infectious Diseases Society of America et les politiques cliniques de l'American College of Emergency Physicians.<ref name="pmid20034345">{{cite journal| author=Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Bradley JS, Rodvold KA, Goldstein EJ, Baron EJ et al.| title=Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2010 | volume= 50 | issue= 2 | pages= 133-64 | pmid=20034345 | doi=10.1086/649554 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20034345  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20116016">{{cite journal| author=Howell JM, Eddy OL, Lukens TW, Thiessen ME, Weingart SD, Decker WW et al.| title=Clinical policy: Critical issues in the evaluation and management of emergency department patients with suspected appendicitis. | journal=Ann Emerg Med | year= 2010 | volume= 55 | issue= 1 | pages= 71-116 | pmid=20116016 | doi=10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.10.004 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20116016  }} </ref>
{{Family tree/start}}
{{familytree  | | | | | A01 | | | | | |A01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 30em; padding:1em;"> '''Caractérisez les symptômes:'''<br>
❑ Les symptômes typiques<br>
:❑ Douleur abdominale<br>
::♦ Douleur d'abord dans la région péri-ombilicale<br>
::♦ Migration de la douleur dans le quadrant inférieur droit<br>
:❑ Anorexie<br>
:❑ Nausée<br>
:❑ Vomissement<br>
❑ Symptômes atypiques (communes à des âges extrêmes)<br>
:❑ Maldigestion<br>
:❑ Flatulence<br>
:❑ Côlon irrégularité<br>
:❑ Diarrhée<br>
:❑ Fatigue </div>}}
{{familytree  | | | | | |!| | | | | | | }}
{{familytree  | | | | | A02 | | | | | | A02= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 30em; padding:1em;"> '''Examinez le patient:''' <br>
❑ Les signes vitaux<br>
❑ Peau<br>
:❑ Diaphorèse<br>
:❑ Pâleur<br>
❑ Abdomen<br>
:❑ Rigidité<br>
:❑ Signe de McBurney<br>
:❑ Signe de Rovsing<br>
❑ Signe du psoas <ref> name="pmid9880421">{{cite journal| author=Andersson RE, Hugander AP, Ghazi SH, Ravn H, Offenbartl SK, Nyström PO et al.| title=Diagnostic value of disease history, clinical presentation, and inflammatory parameters of appendicitis. | journal=World J Surg | year= 1999 | volume= 23 | issue= 2 | pages= 133-40 | pmid=9880421 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9880421  }} </ref>  <br>
❑ Signe de l'obturateur<br>
❑ Examen rectal<br>
❑ Examen pelvien chez les femmes</div>}}
{{familytree  | | | | | |!| | | | | | | }}
{{familytree  | | | | | E02 | | | | | | E02= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 30em; padding:1em;"> '''Commandez des tests de laboratoires:''' <br>
❑ Hémogramme<br>
❑ Test de grossesse chez les femmes</div>}}
{{familytree  | | | | | |!| | | | | | | }}
{{familytree  | | | | | F01 | | | | | | F01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 30em; padding:1em;">'''Considerez autres diagnostics:'''<ref> name="pmid16960208">{{cite journal|author=Humes DJ, Simpson J| title=Acute appendicitis. | journal=BMJ | year= 2006 | volume= 333 | issue= 7567 | pages= 530-4 | pmid=16960208 | doi=10.1136/bmj.38940.664363.AE | pmc=PMC1562475 |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16960208  }} </ref><br>
❑ Occlusion intestinale<br>
❑ Cholécystite aiguë<br>
❑ Perforation d’un ulcère peptique<br>
❑ Infection des voies urinaires<br>
❑ Grossesse extra-utérine<br>
❑ Kyste ovarien tortueux<br>
❑ Iléite<br>
❑ La maladie de Crohn</div> }}
{{familytree  | | | | | |!| | | | | | | }}
{{familytree  | | | | | G01 | | | | | | | G01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; padding:1em;">
❑ '''Évaluer le score d’ Alvarado dans l'appendicite aiguë:'''<ref name="pmid3963537">{{cite journal| author=Alvarado A| title=A practical score for the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis. | journal=Ann Emerg Med | year= 1986 | volume= 15 | issue= 5 | pages= 557-64 | pmid=3963537 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3963537  }} </ref>
:❑ Score 1-4: appendicite peu probable
:❑ Score 5-6: appendicite possible
:❑ Score 7-8: appendicite probable
:❑ Score 9-10: appendicite très probable<br>
<table class="wikitable">
<tr class="v-firstrow"><th> '''Findings''' </th><th> '''Score'''</th></tr>
<tr><td> Douleurs abdominales qui migre vers le quadrant inférieur droit</td><td> 1 </td></tr>
<tr><td> L'anorexie et / ou de corps cétoniques dans les urines</td><td> 1 </td></tr>
<tr><td> Nausées et / ou vomissements</td><td> 1 </td></tr>
<tr><td> Douleur dans le quadrant bas gauche </td><td> 2 </td></tr>
<tr><td> Douleur rebond </td><td> 1 </td></tr>
<tr><td>  Fièvre supérieure à 37,3 ° C par mesure orale</td><td> 1 </td></tr>
<tr><td>  Globules blancs> 10000 par microlitre</td><td> 2 </td></tr>
<tr><td> Déviation à gauche de plus de 75% des neutrophils </td><td> 1 </td></tr>
</table>
<br>
❑ Administrez un traitement de liquide IV quand l'appendicite est suspectée
</div>}}
{{familytree  | | | | | |!| | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree  | | | | | H01 | | | | | | H01=<div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 30em; padding:1em;">'''Order imagining studies:'''<ref name="pmid22051456">{{cite journal| author=Rosen MP, Ding A, Blake MA, Baker ME, Cash BD, Fidler JL et al.| title=ACR Appropriateness Criteria® right lower quadrant pain--suspected appendicitis. | journal=J Am Coll Radiol | year= 2011 | volume= 8 | issue= 11 | pages= 749-55 | pmid=22051456 | doi=10.1016/j.jacr.2011.07.010 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22051456  }} </ref><br>
❑ [[Ultrasound]] of the abdomen with or without [[ultrasound]] of the pelvis, or<br>
❑ [[CT]] abdomen and pelvis with and/or without IV contrast, or<br>
❑ [[MRI]] abdomen and pelvis with and/or without IV contrast, or<br>
❑ [[X-ray]] abdomen
</div>}}
{{familytree  | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|-|-|-|.| | | | | | | | | }}
{{familytree  | B01 | | B02 | | | | | | B03 | | | | | | | |B01= '''Negative imaging'''| B02= '''Inconclusive imaging'''| B03= '''Confirmatory imaging'''}}
{{familytree  | |!| | | |!| | | |,|-|-|-|+|-|-|-|.| | | | }}
{{familytree  | |!| | | |!| | | B04 | | B05 | | B06 | | | B04= '''Non perforated appendicitis'''|B05= '''Perforated appendicitis'''|B06= '''Periappendiceal abscess'''}}
{{familytree  | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | |!| | | | }}
{{familytree  | C01 | | C02 | | C03 | | C04 | | C05 | | |C01= <div style="float: left; text-align: left;width: 15em; padding:1em;">
❑ Follow up for 24 hours until the resolution of signs and symptoms </div>
| C02= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; padding:1em;">
❑ Follow up the patient<br>
❑ Hospitalize the patient in case of high suspicion of appendicitis<br>
❑ Administer antibiotics <br>
:❑ For a minimum of 3 days, or <br>
:❑ Until the resolution of symptoms, or <br>
:❑ Until a diagnosis is made <br>
❑ Administer [[Analgesic|pain medication]] if needed <br>
❑ Administer [[antipyretics]] if needed </div>
|C03= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 15em; padding:1em;">❑ [[Appendectomy]] ([[laparoscopy]] or open surgery) as soon as it is feasible <br> ❑ Consider non-operative management in case of marked improvement <br> ❑ Administer narrow spectrum antibiotics for 24 hours</div>
|C04= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 15em; padding:1em;"> ❑ Urgent [[appendectomy]] </div>
|C05= <div style="float: left; text-align: left; width: 15em; padding:1em;">
❑ Drain the abscess
:❑ Percutaneous drainage, or
:❑ Operative drainage
❑ Defer [[appendectomy]] </div>
}}
{{Family tree/end}}
<br>
<br>
===Antibiotics===
Shown below is a table summarizing the choice of antibiotics to be administered in appendicitis.  Antibiotics treatment should be administered to all patients with appendicitis.  Note that:
* Mild to moderate cases include perforated appendicitis and abscess.
* High risk or severe cases include severe physiological disturbance, advanced age and [[immunosuppression]].<ref name="pmid20034345">{{cite journal| author=Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Bradley JS, Rodvold KA, Goldstein EJ, Baron EJ et al.| title=Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. | journal=Clin Infect Dis | year= 2010 | volume= 50 | issue= 2 | pages= 133-64 | pmid=20034345 | doi=10.1086/649554 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20034345  }} </ref>


==A Faire==
==A Faire==

Revision as of 01:38, 28 February 2014

Rédacteur en chef: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Éditeur(s) en chef adjoint(s): Teresa Stahl, M.D. [2]; Rim Halaby, M.D. [3]

Définition

L'appendicite est une inflammation de l'appendice et elle est considérée comme une urgence médicale.

Causes

Causes Mortelles

Les causes potentiellement mortelles comprennent des conditions qui peuvent entraîner la mort ou une invalidité permanente dans les 24 heures si elles ne sont pas traitées. L'appendicite est une condition qui peut être mortelle et elle doit être traitée en tant que telle, indépendamment des causes. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE

Causes Fréquentes

  • Fecalith[1][2]
  • Hyperplasie lymphoïde

Prise en Charge

Montré ci-dessous est un algorithme illustrant la prise en charge de l'appendicite selon les lignes directrices de la Société de l'infection chirurgicale et l'Infectious Diseases Society of America et les politiques cliniques de l'American College of Emergency Physicians.[3][4]

 
 
 
 
Caractérisez les symptômes:

❑ Les symptômes typiques

❑ Douleur abdominale
♦ Douleur d'abord dans la région péri-ombilicale
♦ Migration de la douleur dans le quadrant inférieur droit
❑ Anorexie
❑ Nausée
❑ Vomissement

❑ Symptômes atypiques (communes à des âges extrêmes)

❑ Maldigestion
❑ Flatulence
❑ Côlon irrégularité
❑ Diarrhée
❑ Fatigue
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Examinez le patient:

❑ Les signes vitaux
❑ Peau

❑ Diaphorèse
❑ Pâleur

❑ Abdomen

❑ Rigidité
❑ Signe de McBurney
❑ Signe de Rovsing

❑ Signe du psoas [5]
❑ Signe de l'obturateur
❑ Examen rectal

❑ Examen pelvien chez les femmes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commandez des tests de laboratoires:

❑ Hémogramme

❑ Test de grossesse chez les femmes
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Considerez autres diagnostics:[6]

❑ Occlusion intestinale
❑ Cholécystite aiguë
❑ Perforation d’un ulcère peptique
❑ Infection des voies urinaires
❑ Grossesse extra-utérine
❑ Kyste ovarien tortueux
❑ Iléite

❑ La maladie de Crohn
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Évaluer le score d’ Alvarado dans l'appendicite aiguë:[7]

❑ Score 1-4: appendicite peu probable
❑ Score 5-6: appendicite possible
❑ Score 7-8: appendicite probable
❑ Score 9-10: appendicite très probable
Findings Score
Douleurs abdominales qui migre vers le quadrant inférieur droit 1
L'anorexie et / ou de corps cétoniques dans les urines 1
Nausées et / ou vomissements 1
Douleur dans le quadrant bas gauche 2
Douleur rebond 1
Fièvre supérieure à 37,3 ° C par mesure orale 1
Globules blancs> 10000 par microlitre 2
Déviation à gauche de plus de 75% des neutrophils 1


❑ Administrez un traitement de liquide IV quand l'appendicite est suspectée

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Order imagining studies:[8]

Ultrasound of the abdomen with or without ultrasound of the pelvis, or
CT abdomen and pelvis with and/or without IV contrast, or
MRI abdomen and pelvis with and/or without IV contrast, or
X-ray abdomen

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Negative imaging
 
Inconclusive imaging
 
 
 
 
 
Confirmatory imaging
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Non perforated appendicitis
 
Perforated appendicitis
 
Periappendiceal abscess
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
❑ Follow up for 24 hours until the resolution of signs and symptoms
 

❑ Follow up the patient
❑ Hospitalize the patient in case of high suspicion of appendicitis
❑ Administer antibiotics

❑ For a minimum of 3 days, or
❑ Until the resolution of symptoms, or
❑ Until a diagnosis is made

❑ Administer pain medication if needed

❑ Administer antipyretics if needed
 
Appendectomy (laparoscopy or open surgery) as soon as it is feasible
❑ Consider non-operative management in case of marked improvement
❑ Administer narrow spectrum antibiotics for 24 hours
 
❑ Urgent appendectomy
 

❑ Drain the abscess

❑ Percutaneous drainage, or
❑ Operative drainage
❑ Defer appendectomy
 
 



Antibiotics

Shown below is a table summarizing the choice of antibiotics to be administered in appendicitis. Antibiotics treatment should be administered to all patients with appendicitis. Note that:

  • Mild to moderate cases include perforated appendicitis and abscess.
  • High risk or severe cases include severe physiological disturbance, advanced age and immunosuppression.[3]

A Faire

A Éviter

Références

  1. name="pmid2385810">Nitecki S, Karmeli R, Sarr MG (1990). "Appendiceal calculi and fecaliths as indications for appendectomy". Surg Gynecol Obstet. 171 (3): 185–8. PMID 2385810.
  2. name="pmid2990360">Jones BA, Demetriades D, Segal I, Burkitt DP (1985). "The prevalence of appendiceal fecaliths in patients with and without appendicitis. A comparative study from Canada and South Africa". Ann Surg. 202 (1): 80–2. PMC 1250841. PMID 2990360.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Solomkin JS, Mazuski JE, Bradley JS, Rodvold KA, Goldstein EJ, Baron EJ; et al. (2010). "Diagnosis and management of complicated intra-abdominal infection in adults and children: guidelines by the Surgical Infection Society and the Infectious Diseases Society of America". Clin Infect Dis. 50 (2): 133–64. doi:10.1086/649554. PMID 20034345.
  4. Howell JM, Eddy OL, Lukens TW, Thiessen ME, Weingart SD, Decker WW; et al. (2010). "Clinical policy: Critical issues in the evaluation and management of emergency department patients with suspected appendicitis". Ann Emerg Med. 55 (1): 71–116. doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2009.10.004. PMID 20116016.
  5. name="pmid9880421">Andersson RE, Hugander AP, Ghazi SH, Ravn H, Offenbartl SK, Nyström PO; et al. (1999). "Diagnostic value of disease history, clinical presentation, and inflammatory parameters of appendicitis". World J Surg. 23 (2): 133–40. PMID 9880421.
  6. name="pmid16960208">Humes DJ, Simpson J (2006). "Acute appendicitis". BMJ. 333 (7567): 530–4. doi:10.1136/bmj.38940.664363.AE. PMC 1562475. PMID 16960208.
  7. Alvarado A (1986). "A practical score for the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis". Ann Emerg Med. 15 (5): 557–64. PMID 3963537.
  8. Rosen MP, Ding A, Blake MA, Baker ME, Cash BD, Fidler JL; et al. (2011). "ACR Appropriateness Criteria® right lower quadrant pain--suspected appendicitis". J Am Coll Radiol. 8 (11): 749–55. doi:10.1016/j.jacr.2011.07.010. PMID 22051456.