Altered mental status causes: Difference between revisions
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{{Altered mental status}} | {{Altered mental status}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{PB}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{PB}} | ||
==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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*[[Acute intermittent porphyria]] | *[[Acute intermittent porphyria]] | ||
*[[Advanced sleep phase syndrome|Advanced sleep phase disorder]] | *[[Advanced sleep phase syndrome|Advanced sleep phase disorder]] | ||
*[[Analgesics]]: mostly prescribed or illicit [[opiates]] such as [[oxycontin]] or [[heroin]] | |||
*[[Antiepileptic]]s such as [[phenytoin]], [[carbamazepine]], [[gabapentin]] | |||
*[[Antidepressants]]: for instance sedating [[tricyclic antidepressants]] | |||
*[[Antihistamines]]: [[diphenhydramine]] and [[doxylamine]] | |||
*[[Antihypertensive]] medications like [[amlodipine]] | |||
*[[Antipsychotics]]: [[thioridazine]], [[quetiapine]], [[olanzapine]], [[risperidone]], and [[ziprasidone]] but not [[haloperidol]] | |||
*[[Appendicitis]] | *[[Appendicitis]] | ||
*[[Liver failure|Acute Liver failure]] | *[[Liver failure|Acute Liver failure]] | ||
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*[[Antihistamines]] | *[[Antihistamines]] | ||
*[[Antipsychotics]] | *[[Antipsychotics]] | ||
*Benzodiazepine receptor agonists: [[Eszopiclone]], [[Zolpidem]], [[Zaleplon]] | |||
*[[Brain abscess]] | *[[Brain abscess]] | ||
*[[Cerebral edema|Brain edema]] | *[[Cerebral edema|Brain edema]] | ||
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*[[Cerebral hypoxia]] | *[[Cerebral hypoxia]] | ||
*[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]] | *[[Chronic fatigue syndrome]] | ||
*[[Dopamine agonists]] used in the treatment of [[parkinson's disease]] e.g. [[pergolide]], ropinirole and [[pramipexole]]. | |||
*[[Brain tumor]] | *[[Brain tumor]] | ||
*[[Burns]] | *[[Burns]] | ||
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*[[Delayed sleep phase syndrome]] | *[[Delayed sleep phase syndrome]] | ||
*[[Depression]] | *[[Depression]] | ||
*[[Dopamine agonists]] used in the treatment of [[parkinson's disease]] e.g. [[pergolide]], ropinirole and [[pramipexole]]. | |||
*[[Lower respiratory tract infection classification|Chest infection]] | *[[Lower respiratory tract infection classification|Chest infection]] | ||
*[[Liver failure|Chronic Liver failure]] | *[[Liver failure|Chronic Liver failure]] | ||
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*[[Heat stroke]] | *[[Heat stroke]] | ||
*[[Heroin]] | *[[Heroin]] | ||
*[[HIV]] medications for example, [[efavirenz]] | |||
*[[Hypnotics]] like [[zopiclone]], or the [[benzodiazepine]] such as [[diazepam]] or [[nitrazepam]] and the [[barbiturate]], such as [[amobarbital]] or [[secobarbital]] | |||
*[[Thyroid#Diseases|Hperthyroidism]] | *[[Thyroid#Diseases|Hperthyroidism]] | ||
*[[Electrolyte disturbance|Hpherphosphatemia]] | *[[Electrolyte disturbance|Hpherphosphatemia]] | ||
*[[Hydrogen sulfide]] | *[[Hydrogen sulfide]] | ||
*[[Electrolyte disturbance|Hyomagnesemia]] | *[[Electrolyte disturbance|Hyomagnesemia]] | ||
*[[Fibromyalgia]] | |||
*[[Hydrocephalus]] | |||
*[[Hyperbaric sickness]] | *[[Hyperbaric sickness]] | ||
*[[Hypercalcemia]] | *[[Hypercalcemia]] | ||
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*[[Hypoxia]] | *[[Hypoxia]] | ||
*[[Infections]] | *[[Infections]] | ||
*[[Infectious mononucleosis]] (glandular fever) | |||
*[[Intracranial abscess / granuloma]] | *[[Intracranial abscess / granuloma]] | ||
*[[Intracranial bleeding]] | *[[Intracranial bleeding]] | ||
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*[[Lithium]] | *[[Lithium]] | ||
*[[Liver failure]] | *[[Liver failure]] | ||
*[[Lyme disease]] | |||
*[[Malaria]] | *[[Malaria]] | ||
*[[Malignant hypertension]] | *[[Malignant hypertension]] | ||
*[[Marijuana]] | *[[Marijuana]] | ||
*Melatonin receptor agonists: [[Ramelteon]] | |||
*[[Meningitis]] | *[[Meningitis]] | ||
*[[Meningoencephalitis]] | *[[Meningoencephalitis]] | ||
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*[[Serotonin syndrome]] | *[[Serotonin syndrome]] | ||
*[[Skull fracture]] | *[[Skull fracture]] | ||
*[[Sleep apnea]] | |||
*[[Sleeping sickness (East African)]] | *[[Sleeping sickness (East African)]] | ||
*[[Sleeping sickness (West African)]] | *[[Sleeping sickness (West African)]] | ||
*[[Starvation]] | |||
*[[Subdural empyema]] | *[[Subdural empyema]] | ||
*[[Subdural hematoma]] | *[[Subdural hematoma]] | ||
Revision as of 22:19, 11 March 2014
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Altered mental status Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Altered mental status On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Altered mental status |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Pratik Bahekar, MBBS [2]
Overview
Altered mental status has varying time courses and degrees of severity. Acute changes in mental status are usually secondary to delirium, stupor, and coma, which are forms of acute brain dysfunction. These changes occur over a period of hours or days and are usually precipitated by an underlying medical illness that is potentially life threatening. Chronic alterations in mental status (e.g. dementia) occur over a period of months and years and are less likely to be precipitated by a life-threatening illness. For these reasons, acute changes in mental status will be the focus of this review. Altered mental status is rarely caused by psychiatric illnesses such as depression or schizophrenia, and in elder patients, these should be diagnoses of exclusion. Acute brain dysfunction (delirium, stupor, and coma) and their underlying etiology should be ruled out prior to considering any psychiatric diagnoses, especially in patients without a previous history of psychiatric illness.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Altered mental status is a life-threatening condition and must be treated as such irrespective of the causes.
Common Causes
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