Peripheral artery disease resident survival guide: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
[[Peripheral artery disease]] ([[PAD]]) is a circulatory disorder due to narrowing of the arteries of the limbs which lead to a reduction in blood flow to the lower extremities. It is most commonly caused by atherosclerosis and generally used to refer to the atherosclerotic peripheral arterial lesions in the lower extremities. [[PAD]] manifests commonly as leg pain at rest or exertion and it can be treated successfully with lifestyle modification and reduction of risk factors such as [[smoking cessation]], control of [[diabetes]] and [[hypertension]] e.t.c. Complications do arise in [[PAD]] such as the development of [[leg ulcer]]s and [[gangrene|gangrenous limbs]] that would occasionally lead to [[amputation]]. | [[Peripheral artery disease]] ([[PAD]]) is a circulatory disorder due to narrowing of the arteries of the limbs which lead to a reduction in [[blood flow]] to the [[lower extremities]]. It is most commonly caused by [[atherosclerosis]] and generally used to refer to the atherosclerotic peripheral arterial lesions in the lower extremities. [[PAD]] manifests commonly as [[leg pain]] at rest or exertion and it can be treated successfully with lifestyle modification and reduction of risk factors such as [[smoking cessation]], control of [[diabetes]] and [[hypertension]] e.t.c. Complications do arise in [[PAD]] such as the development of [[leg ulcer]]s and [[gangrene|gangrenous limbs]] that would occasionally lead to [[amputation]]. | ||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
Revision as of 17:44, 17 April 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]
Overview
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a circulatory disorder due to narrowing of the arteries of the limbs which lead to a reduction in blood flow to the lower extremities. It is most commonly caused by atherosclerosis and generally used to refer to the atherosclerotic peripheral arterial lesions in the lower extremities. PAD manifests commonly as leg pain at rest or exertion and it can be treated successfully with lifestyle modification and reduction of risk factors such as smoking cessation, control of diabetes and hypertension e.t.c. Complications do arise in PAD such as the development of leg ulcers and gangrenous limbs that would occasionally lead to amputation.
Causes
Life Threatening Causes
Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.
Common Causes
FIRE: Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation
A Focused Initial Rapid Evaluation (FIRE) should be performed to identify patients in need of immediate intervention.
Boxes in salmon color signify that an urgent management is needed.
Complete Diagnostic Approach
A complete diagnostic approach should be carried out after a focused initial rapid evaluation is conducted and following initiation of any urgent intervention.
Treatment
Shown below is the algorithm for the therapeutic approach for peripheral artery disease based on the 2005 and 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline recommendations.[1]
ACE Inhibitors eg Ramipril for treatment of claudication.[2]
Do's
Don'ts
References
- ↑ Anderson, Jeffrey L.; Halperin, Jonathan L.; Albert, Nancy; Bozkurt, Biykem; Brindis, Ralph G.; Curtis, Lesley H.; DeMets, David; Guyton, Robert A.; Hochman, Judith S.; Kovacs, Richard J.; Ohman, E. Magnus; Pressler, Susan J.; Sellke, Frank W.; Shen, Win-Kuang (2013). "Management of Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease (Compilation of 2005 and 2011 ACCF/AHA Guideline Recommendations)". Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 61 (14): 1555–1570. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.01.004. ISSN 0735-1097.
- ↑ Ahimastos, Anna A.; Walker, Philip J.; Askew, Christopher; Leicht, Anthony; Pappas, Elise; Blombery, Peter; Reid, Christopher M.; Golledge, Jonathan; Kingwell, Bronwyn A. (2013). "Effect of Ramipril on Walking Times and Quality of Life Among Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease and Intermittent Claudication". JAMA. 309 (5): 453. doi:10.1001/jama.2012.216237. ISSN 0098-7484.