Cardiogenic shock historical perspective: Difference between revisions
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==Historical perspective== | ==Historical perspective== | ||
The term "cardiogenic shock" is thought to have first arisen in 1942 with Stead, who after studying a series of two [[patients]], described them as having a "[[shock]] of [[cardiac]] origin". This designation would later be rephrased as "cardiogenic shock".<ref name="Stead1942">{{cite journal|last1=Stead|first1=Eugene A.|title=SHOCK SYNDROME PRODUCED BY FAILURE OF THE HEART|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|volume=69|issue=3|year=1942|pages=369|issn=0003-9926|doi=10.1001/archinte.1942.00200150002001}}</ref> However, the clinical features of cardiogenic shock had first been described by Herrick, in 1912, who noticed in severe [[coronary artery disease]] [[patients]] a profound [[weakness]], a [[rapid pulse]], [[pulmonary]] [[rales]], faint [[heart sounds|cardiac tones]], [[cyanosis]] and [[dyspnea]].<ref name="Herrick1912">{{cite journal|last1=Herrick|first1=James B.|title=CLINICAL FEATURES OF SUDDEN OBSTRUCTION OF THE CORONARY ARTERIES|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=LIX|issue=23|year=1912|pages=2015|issn=0002-9955|doi=10.1001/jama.1912.04270120001001}}</ref> | The term "cardiogenic shock" is thought to have first arisen in 1942 with Stead, who after studying a series of two [[patients]], described them as having a "[[shock]] of [[cardiac]] origin". This designation would later be rephrased as "cardiogenic shock".<ref name="Stead1942">{{cite journal|last1=Stead|first1=Eugene A.|title=SHOCK SYNDROME PRODUCED BY FAILURE OF THE HEART|journal=Archives of Internal Medicine|volume=69|issue=3|year=1942|pages=369|issn=0003-9926|doi=10.1001/archinte.1942.00200150002001}}</ref> However, the clinical features of cardiogenic shock had first been described by Herrick, in 1912, who noticed in severe [[coronary artery disease]] [[patients]] a profound [[weakness]], a [[rapid pulse]], [[pulmonary]] [[rales]], faint [[heart sounds|cardiac tones]], [[cyanosis]] and [[dyspnea]].<ref name="Herrick1912">{{cite journal|last1=Herrick|first1=James B.|title=CLINICAL FEATURES OF SUDDEN OBSTRUCTION OF THE CORONARY ARTERIES|journal=Journal of the American Medical Association|volume=LIX|issue=23|year=1912|pages=2015|issn=0002-9955|doi=10.1001/jama.1912.04270120001001}}</ref> | ||
In 1967, after studying a series of 250 patients with [[acute MI]], Killip and Kimball proposed a clinical classification of [[hemodynamic]] status, which included 4 classes and that is still in widespread use:<ref name="pmid6059183">{{cite journal| author=Killip T, Kimball JT| title=Treatment of myocardial infarction in a coronary care unit. A two year experience with 250 patients. | journal=Am J Cardiol | year= 1967 | volume= 20 | issue= 4 | pages= 457-64 | pmid=6059183 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6059183 }} </ref> | |||
*I - no clinical signs of heart failure | |||
*II - [[S3 gallop]] and/or [[base of lung|basilar]] [[rales]] on [[lung auscultation]] and/or elevated [[JVP]] | |||
*III - [[Pulmonary edema]] | |||
*IV - Cardiogenic shock | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Historical perspective
The term "cardiogenic shock" is thought to have first arisen in 1942 with Stead, who after studying a series of two patients, described them as having a "shock of cardiac origin". This designation would later be rephrased as "cardiogenic shock".[1] However, the clinical features of cardiogenic shock had first been described by Herrick, in 1912, who noticed in severe coronary artery disease patients a profound weakness, a rapid pulse, pulmonary rales, faint cardiac tones, cyanosis and dyspnea.[2]
In 1967, after studying a series of 250 patients with acute MI, Killip and Kimball proposed a clinical classification of hemodynamic status, which included 4 classes and that is still in widespread use:[3]
- I - no clinical signs of heart failure
- II - S3 gallop and/or basilar rales on lung auscultation and/or elevated JVP
- III - Pulmonary edema
- IV - Cardiogenic shock
References
- ↑ Stead, Eugene A. (1942). "SHOCK SYNDROME PRODUCED BY FAILURE OF THE HEART". Archives of Internal Medicine. 69 (3): 369. doi:10.1001/archinte.1942.00200150002001. ISSN 0003-9926.
- ↑ Herrick, James B. (1912). "CLINICAL FEATURES OF SUDDEN OBSTRUCTION OF THE CORONARY ARTERIES". Journal of the American Medical Association. LIX (23): 2015. doi:10.1001/jama.1912.04270120001001. ISSN 0002-9955.
- ↑ Killip T, Kimball JT (1967). "Treatment of myocardial infarction in a coronary care unit. A two year experience with 250 patients". Am J Cardiol. 20 (4): 457–64. PMID 6059183.