Polymyalgia rheumatica pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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==Overview==
==Overview==
The underlying pathophysiology of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) remains unknown.<ref name="pmid23051717">{{cite journal| author=Kermani TA, Warrington KJ| title=Polymyalgia rheumatica. | journal=Lancet | year= 2013 | volume= 381 | issue= 9860 | pages= 63-72 | pmid=23051717 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60680-1 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23051717  }} </ref>  It has been hypothesized that genetic and environmental factors are implicated, particularly due to the seasonal and geographical differences in the prevalence of this disease.<ref name="pmid16414971">{{cite journal| author=Smeeth L, Cook C, Hall AJ| title=Incidence of diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis in the United Kingdom, 1990-2001. | journal=Ann Rheum Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 65 | issue= 8 | pages= 1093-8 | pmid=16414971 | doi=10.1136/ard.2005.046912 | pmc=PMC1798240 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16414971  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19026700">{{cite journal| author=Alvarez-Rodriguez L, Carrasco-Marin E, Lopez-Hoyos M, Mata C, Fernandez-Prieto L, Ruiz-Soto M et al.| title=Interleukin-1RN gene polymorphisms in elderly patients with rheumatic inflammatory chronic conditions: Association of IL-1RN*2/2 genotype with polymyalgia rheumatica. | journal=Hum Immunol | year= 2009 | volume= 70 | issue= 1 | pages= 49-54 | pmid=19026700 | doi=10.1016/j.humimm.2008.10.011 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19026700  }} </ref><ref name="pmid2383076">{{cite journal| author=Cimmino MA, Caporali R, Montecucco CM, Rovida S, Baratelli E, Broggini M| title=A seasonal pattern in the onset of polymyalgia rheumatica. | journal=Ann Rheum Dis | year= 1990 | volume= 49 | issue= 7 | pages= 521-3 | pmid=2383076 | doi= | pmc=PMC1004141 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2383076  }} </ref>  It has also been hypothesized that PMR is associated with infections such as [[parainfluenza virus type 1]],<ref name="pmid9972970">{{cite journal| author=Duhaut P, Bosshard S, Calvet A, Pinede L, Demolombe-Rague S, Dumontet C et al.| title=Giant cell arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, and viral hypotheses: a multicenter, prospective case-control study. Groupe de Recherche sur l'Artérite à Cellules Géantes. | journal=J Rheumatol | year= 1999 | volume= 26 | issue= 2 | pages= 361-9 | pmid=9972970 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9972970  }} </ref> [[mycoplasma pneumoniae]], [[chlamydia pneumoniae]], and [[parvovirus B19]].<ref name="pmid8838518">{{cite journal| author=Elling P, Olsson AT, Elling H| title=Synchronous variations of the incidence of temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in different regions of Denmark; association with epidemics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. | journal=J Rheumatol | year= 1996 | volume= 23 | issue= 1 | pages= 112-9 | pmid=8838518 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8838518  }} </ref>  In addition, histological exam of synovial biopsies of affected individuals revealed mild synovitis with predominance of [[CD4 T cells]] and [[macrophages]].
The underlying pathophysiology of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) remains unknown.<ref name="pmid23051717">{{cite journal| author=Kermani TA, Warrington KJ| title=Polymyalgia rheumatica. | journal=Lancet | year= 2013 | volume= 381 | issue= 9860 | pages= 63-72 | pmid=23051717 | doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60680-1 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23051717  }} </ref>  It has been hypothesized that genetic and environmental factors are implicated, particularly due to the seasonal and geographical differences in the prevalence of this disease.<ref name="pmid16414971">{{cite journal| author=Smeeth L, Cook C, Hall AJ| title=Incidence of diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis in the United Kingdom, 1990-2001. | journal=Ann Rheum Dis | year= 2006 | volume= 65 | issue= 8 | pages= 1093-8 | pmid=16414971 | doi=10.1136/ard.2005.046912 | pmc=PMC1798240 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16414971  }} </ref><ref name="pmid19026700">{{cite journal| author=Alvarez-Rodriguez L, Carrasco-Marin E, Lopez-Hoyos M, Mata C, Fernandez-Prieto L, Ruiz-Soto M et al.| title=Interleukin-1RN gene polymorphisms in elderly patients with rheumatic inflammatory chronic conditions: Association of IL-1RN*2/2 genotype with polymyalgia rheumatica. | journal=Hum Immunol | year= 2009 | volume= 70 | issue= 1 | pages= 49-54 | pmid=19026700 | doi=10.1016/j.humimm.2008.10.011 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19026700  }} </ref><ref name="pmid2383076">{{cite journal| author=Cimmino MA, Caporali R, Montecucco CM, Rovida S, Baratelli E, Broggini M| title=A seasonal pattern in the onset of polymyalgia rheumatica. | journal=Ann Rheum Dis | year= 1990 | volume= 49 | issue= 7 | pages= 521-3 | pmid=2383076 | doi= | pmc=PMC1004141 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=2383076  }} </ref>  It has also been hypothesized that PMR is associated with infections such as [[parainfluenza virus type 1]],<ref name="pmid9972970">{{cite journal| author=Duhaut P, Bosshard S, Calvet A, Pinede L, Demolombe-Rague S, Dumontet C et al.| title=Giant cell arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, and viral hypotheses: a multicenter, prospective case-control study. Groupe de Recherche sur l'Artérite à Cellules Géantes. | journal=J Rheumatol | year= 1999 | volume= 26 | issue= 2 | pages= 361-9 | pmid=9972970 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9972970  }} </ref> [[mycoplasma pneumoniae]], [[chlamydia pneumoniae]], and [[parvovirus B19]].<ref name="pmid8838518">{{cite journal| author=Elling P, Olsson AT, Elling H| title=Synchronous variations of the incidence of temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in different regions of Denmark; association with epidemics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. | journal=J Rheumatol | year= 1996 | volume= 23 | issue= 1 | pages= 112-9 | pmid=8838518 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8838518  }} </ref>  In addition, histological exam of synovial biopsies of affected individuals revealed mild synovitis with predominance of [[CD4 T cells]] and [[macrophages]].<ref name="pmid8670331">{{cite journal| author=Meliconi R, Pulsatelli L, Uguccioni M, Salvarani C, Macchioni P, Melchiorri C et al.| title=Leukocyte infiltration in synovial tissue from the shoulder of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. Quantitative analysis and influence of corticosteroid treatment. | journal=Arthritis Rheum | year= 1996 | volume= 39 | issue= 7 | pages= 1199-207 | pmid=8670331 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8670331  }} </ref>
 
==Pathophysiology==


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 00:14, 1 June 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]

Overview

The underlying pathophysiology of polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) remains unknown.[1] It has been hypothesized that genetic and environmental factors are implicated, particularly due to the seasonal and geographical differences in the prevalence of this disease.[2][3][4] It has also been hypothesized that PMR is associated with infections such as parainfluenza virus type 1,[5] mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae, and parvovirus B19.[6] In addition, histological exam of synovial biopsies of affected individuals revealed mild synovitis with predominance of CD4 T cells and macrophages.[7]

Pathophysiology

References

  1. ↑ Kermani TA, Warrington KJ (2013). "Polymyalgia rheumatica". Lancet. 381 (9860): 63–72. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)60680-1. PMID 23051717.
  2. ↑ Smeeth L, Cook C, Hall AJ (2006). "Incidence of diagnosed polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arteritis in the United Kingdom, 1990-2001". Ann Rheum Dis. 65 (8): 1093–8. doi:10.1136/ard.2005.046912. PMC 1798240. PMID 16414971.
  3. ↑ Alvarez-Rodriguez L, Carrasco-Marin E, Lopez-Hoyos M, Mata C, Fernandez-Prieto L, Ruiz-Soto M; et al. (2009). "Interleukin-1RN gene polymorphisms in elderly patients with rheumatic inflammatory chronic conditions: Association of IL-1RN*2/2 genotype with polymyalgia rheumatica". Hum Immunol. 70 (1): 49–54. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2008.10.011. PMID 19026700.
  4. ↑ Cimmino MA, Caporali R, Montecucco CM, Rovida S, Baratelli E, Broggini M (1990). "A seasonal pattern in the onset of polymyalgia rheumatica". Ann Rheum Dis. 49 (7): 521–3. PMC 1004141. PMID 2383076.
  5. ↑ Duhaut P, Bosshard S, Calvet A, Pinede L, Demolombe-Rague S, Dumontet C; et al. (1999). "Giant cell arteritis, polymyalgia rheumatica, and viral hypotheses: a multicenter, prospective case-control study. Groupe de Recherche sur l'Artérite à Cellules Géantes". J Rheumatol. 26 (2): 361–9. PMID 9972970.
  6. ↑ Elling P, Olsson AT, Elling H (1996). "Synchronous variations of the incidence of temporal arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica in different regions of Denmark; association with epidemics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection". J Rheumatol. 23 (1): 112–9. PMID 8838518.
  7. ↑ Meliconi R, Pulsatelli L, Uguccioni M, Salvarani C, Macchioni P, Melchiorri C; et al. (1996). "Leukocyte infiltration in synovial tissue from the shoulder of patients with polymyalgia rheumatica. Quantitative analysis and influence of corticosteroid treatment". Arthritis Rheum. 39 (7): 1199–207. PMID 8670331.

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