Hodgkin's lymphoma epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Unlike some [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma|other lymphomas]], whose [[incidence (epidemiology)|incidence]] increases with age, Hodgkin's lymphoma has a bimodal incidence curve; that is, it occurs most frequently in two separate age groups, the first being young adulthood (age 15–35) and the second being in those over 55 years old although these peaks may vary slightly with nationality.<ref name="pmid5329907">{{cite journal| author=MacMahon B| title=Epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease. | journal=Cancer Res | year= 1966 | volume= 26 | issue= 6 | pages= 1189-201 | pmid=5329907 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=5329907 }} </ref><ref name="pmid6092122">{{cite journal| author=Grufferman S, Delzell E| title=Epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease. | journal=Epidemiol Rev | year= 1984 | volume= 6 | issue= | pages= 76-106 | pmid=6092122 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6092122 }} </ref> In 2011, the age-adjusted incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma was 2.71 per 100,000 persons in the United States.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref> The incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma is higher among patients with [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]]; however, in contrast to many other lymphomas associated with [[HIV infection]], Hodgkin's lymphoma occurs most commonly in patients who do not have severe immunosupression.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Biggar RJ, Jaffe ES, Goedert JJ, Chaturvedi A, Pfeiffer R, Engels EA |title=Hodgkin lymphoma and immunodeficiency in persons with HIV/AIDS |journal=Blood |volume=108 |issue=12 |pages=3786-91 |year=2006 |pmid=16917006 |doi=10.1182/blood-2006-05-024109}}</ref> Reports from countries like Honduras,<ref name="pmid8380725">{{cite journal| author=Ambinder RF, Browning PJ, Lorenzana I, Leventhal BG, Cosenza H, Mann RB et al.| title=Epstein-Barr virus and childhood Hodgkin's disease in Honduras and the United States. | journal=Blood | year= 1993 | volume= 81 | issue= 2 | pages= 462-7 | pmid=8380725 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8380725 }} </ref> China,<ref name="pmid8397160">{{cite journal| author=Zhou XG, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Yan QH, Pallesen G| title=The association between Epstein-Barr virus and Chinese Hodgkin's disease. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 1993 | volume= 55 | issue= 3 | pages= 359-63 | pmid=8397160 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8397160 }} </ref> Mexico,<ref name="pmid7882287">{{cite journal| author=Zarate-Osorno A, Roman LN, Kingma DW, Meneses-Garcia A, Jaffe ES| title=Hodgkin's disease in Mexico. Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus sequences and correlations with histologic subtype. | journal=Cancer | year= 1995 | volume= 75 | issue= 6 | pages= 1360-6 | pmid=7882287 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7882287 }} </ref> Peru,<ref name="pmid8380728">{{cite journal| author=Chang KL, Albújar PF, Chen YY, Johnson RM, Weiss LM| title=High prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus in the Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease occurring in Peru. | journal=Blood | year= 1993 | volume= 81 | issue= 2 | pages= 496-501 | pmid=8380728 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8380728 }} </ref> | Unlike some [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma|other lymphomas]], whose [[incidence (epidemiology)|incidence]] increases with age, Hodgkin's lymphoma has a bimodal incidence curve; that is, it occurs most frequently in two separate age groups, the first being young adulthood (age 15–35) and the second being in those over 55 years old although these peaks may vary slightly with nationality.<ref name="pmid5329907">{{cite journal| author=MacMahon B| title=Epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease. | journal=Cancer Res | year= 1966 | volume= 26 | issue= 6 | pages= 1189-201 | pmid=5329907 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=5329907 }} </ref><ref name="pmid6092122">{{cite journal| author=Grufferman S, Delzell E| title=Epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease. | journal=Epidemiol Rev | year= 1984 | volume= 6 | issue= | pages= 76-106 | pmid=6092122 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6092122 }} </ref> In 2011, the age-adjusted incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma was 2.71 per 100,000 persons in the United States.<ref name="SEER">Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.</ref> The incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma is higher among patients with [[HIV]]/[[AIDS]]; however, in contrast to many other lymphomas associated with [[HIV infection]], Hodgkin's lymphoma occurs most commonly in patients who do not have severe immunosupression.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Biggar RJ, Jaffe ES, Goedert JJ, Chaturvedi A, Pfeiffer R, Engels EA |title=Hodgkin lymphoma and immunodeficiency in persons with HIV/AIDS |journal=Blood |volume=108 |issue=12 |pages=3786-91 |year=2006 |pmid=16917006 |doi=10.1182/blood-2006-05-024109}}</ref> Reports from countries like Honduras,<ref name="pmid8380725">{{cite journal| author=Ambinder RF, Browning PJ, Lorenzana I, Leventhal BG, Cosenza H, Mann RB et al.| title=Epstein-Barr virus and childhood Hodgkin's disease in Honduras and the United States. | journal=Blood | year= 1993 | volume= 81 | issue= 2 | pages= 462-7 | pmid=8380725 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8380725 }} </ref> China,<ref name="pmid8397160">{{cite journal| author=Zhou XG, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Yan QH, Pallesen G| title=The association between Epstein-Barr virus and Chinese Hodgkin's disease. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 1993 | volume= 55 | issue= 3 | pages= 359-63 | pmid=8397160 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8397160 }} </ref> Mexico,<ref name="pmid7882287">{{cite journal| author=Zarate-Osorno A, Roman LN, Kingma DW, Meneses-Garcia A, Jaffe ES| title=Hodgkin's disease in Mexico. Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus sequences and correlations with histologic subtype. | journal=Cancer | year= 1995 | volume= 75 | issue= 6 | pages= 1360-6 | pmid=7882287 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=7882287 }} </ref> Peru,<ref name="pmid8380728">{{cite journal| author=Chang KL, Albújar PF, Chen YY, Johnson RM, Weiss LM| title=High prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus in the Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease occurring in Peru. | journal=Blood | year= 1993 | volume= 81 | issue= 2 | pages= 496-501 | pmid=8380728 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8380728 }} </ref> and Malaysia<ref name="pmid9088951">{{cite journal| author=Peh SC, Looi LM, Pallesen G| title=Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Hodgkin's disease in a multi-ethnic population in Malaysia. | journal=Histopathology | year= 1997 | volume= 30 | issue= 3 | pages= 227-33 | pmid=9088951 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9088951 }} </ref> suggest an association between EBV infection and Hodgkin's lymphoma, an association that is more evident in the pediatric population<ref name="pmid8389527">{{cite journal| author=Armstrong AA, Alexander FE, Paes RP, Morad NA, Gallagher A, Krajewski AS et al.| title=Association of Epstein-Barr virus with pediatric Hodgkin's disease. | journal=Am J Pathol | year= 1993 | volume= 142 | issue= 6 | pages= 1683-8 | pmid=8389527 | doi= | pmc=PMC1886981 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8389527 }} </ref> and in the subtype of mixed cellularity.<ref name="pmid9110300">{{cite journal| author=Andriko JA, Aguilera NS, Nandedkar MA, Abbondanzo SL| title=Childhood Hodgkin's disease in the United States: an analysis of histologic subtypes and association with Epstein-Barr virus. | journal=Mod Pathol | year= 1997 | volume= 10 | issue= 4 | pages= 366-71 | pmid=9110300 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9110300 }} </ref> | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]
Overview
Unlike some other lymphomas, whose incidence increases with age, Hodgkin's lymphoma has a bimodal incidence curve; that is, it occurs most frequently in two separate age groups, the first being young adulthood (age 15–35) and the second being in those over 55 years old although these peaks may vary slightly with nationality.[1][2] In 2011, the age-adjusted incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma was 2.71 per 100,000 persons in the United States.[3] The incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma is higher among patients with HIV/AIDS; however, in contrast to many other lymphomas associated with HIV infection, Hodgkin's lymphoma occurs most commonly in patients who do not have severe immunosupression.[4] Reports from countries like Honduras,[5] China,[6] Mexico,[7] Peru,[8] and Malaysia[9] suggest an association between EBV infection and Hodgkin's lymphoma, an association that is more evident in the pediatric population[10] and in the subtype of mixed cellularity.[11]
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- In the United States, the age-adjusted prevalence of Hodgkin's lymphoma is 35 per 100,000 in 2011.[3]
Incidence
- The delay-adjusted incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma in 2011 was estimated to be 2.8 per 100,000 persons in the United States.[3]
- In 2011, the age-adjusted incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma was 2.71 per 100,000 persons in the United States.[3]
Age
- While the overall age-adjusted incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma in the United States between 2007 and 2011 is 2.7 per 100,000, the age-adjusted incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma by age category is:[3]
- Between 20 and 29 years: 4.1-4,5 per 100,000
- Under 65 years: 2.5 per 100,000
- 65 and over: 4.2 per 100,000
Gender
- In the United States, the age-adjusted prevalence of Hodgkin's lymphoma by gender in 2011 is:[3]
- In males: 37.2 per 100,000
- In females: 33.1 per 100,000
- In the United States, the delay-adjusted incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma by gender in 2011 is:[3]
- In males: 3.22 per 100,000 persons
- In females: 2.42 per 100,000 persons
- In the United States, the age-adjusted incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma by gender on 2011 is:[3]
- In males: 3.11 per 100,000 persons
- In females: 2.34 per 100,000 persons
Shown below is an image depicting the delay-adjusted incidence and observed incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma by gender and race in the United States between 1975 and 2011. These graphs are adapted from SEER: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute.[3]
Race
- Shown below is a table depicting the age-adjusted prevalence of Hodgkin's lymphoma by race in 2011 in the United States.[3]
| All Races | White | Black | Asian/Pacific Islander | Hispanic | |
| Age-adjusted prevalence | 35 per 100,000 | 40 per 100,000 | 32.1 per 100,000 | 12.6 per 100,000 | 23.6 per 100,000 |
Shown below is an image depicting the incidence of Hodgkin's lymphoma by race in the United States between 1975 and 2011.[3]
API: Asian/Pacific Islander; AI/AN: American Indian/ Alaska Native
References
- ↑ MacMahon B (1966). "Epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease". Cancer Res. 26 (6): 1189–201. PMID 5329907.
- ↑ Grufferman S, Delzell E (1984). "Epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease". Epidemiol Rev. 6: 76–106. PMID 6092122.
- ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 Howlader N, Noone AM, Krapcho M, Garshell J, Miller D, Altekruse SF, Kosary CL, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z,Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA (eds). SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2011, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2011/, based on November 2013 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2014.
- ↑ Biggar RJ, Jaffe ES, Goedert JJ, Chaturvedi A, Pfeiffer R, Engels EA (2006). "Hodgkin lymphoma and immunodeficiency in persons with HIV/AIDS". Blood. 108 (12): 3786–91. doi:10.1182/blood-2006-05-024109. PMID 16917006.
- ↑ Ambinder RF, Browning PJ, Lorenzana I, Leventhal BG, Cosenza H, Mann RB; et al. (1993). "Epstein-Barr virus and childhood Hodgkin's disease in Honduras and the United States". Blood. 81 (2): 462–7. PMID 8380725.
- ↑ Zhou XG, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ, Yan QH, Pallesen G (1993). "The association between Epstein-Barr virus and Chinese Hodgkin's disease". Int J Cancer. 55 (3): 359–63. PMID 8397160.
- ↑ Zarate-Osorno A, Roman LN, Kingma DW, Meneses-Garcia A, Jaffe ES (1995). "Hodgkin's disease in Mexico. Prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus sequences and correlations with histologic subtype". Cancer. 75 (6): 1360–6. PMID 7882287.
- ↑ Chang KL, Albújar PF, Chen YY, Johnson RM, Weiss LM (1993). "High prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus in the Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin's disease occurring in Peru". Blood. 81 (2): 496–501. PMID 8380728.
- ↑ Peh SC, Looi LM, Pallesen G (1997). "Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Hodgkin's disease in a multi-ethnic population in Malaysia". Histopathology. 30 (3): 227–33. PMID 9088951.
- ↑ Armstrong AA, Alexander FE, Paes RP, Morad NA, Gallagher A, Krajewski AS; et al. (1993). "Association of Epstein-Barr virus with pediatric Hodgkin's disease". Am J Pathol. 142 (6): 1683–8. PMC 1886981. PMID 8389527.
- ↑ Andriko JA, Aguilera NS, Nandedkar MA, Abbondanzo SL (1997). "Childhood Hodgkin's disease in the United States: an analysis of histologic subtypes and association with Epstein-Barr virus". Mod Pathol. 10 (4): 366–71. PMID 9110300.