WBR0925

Author	[[PageAuthor::Twinkle Singh, M.B.B.S. [1] (Edited by Alison Leibowitz)]]
Exam Type	ExamType::USMLE Step 1
Main Category	MainCategory::Behavioral Science/Psychiatry
Sub Category	SubCategory::General Principles
Prompt	[[Prompt::Mother of a 6-year-old boy comes to the clinic with her son. She explains that her son often wakes up during the night screaming and continues to cries inconsolably. However, in the morning he appears to be normal and doesn’t remember anything about waking up and crying the previous night. Which of the following wave forms are most likely to occur during patient's episodes?]]
Answer A	AnswerA::Theta waves
Answer A Explanation	AnswerAExp::Theta waves occur mostly during stage 1 NREM sleep.
Answer B	AnswerB::Beta waves
Answer B Explanation	[[AnswerBExp::Beta waves are characteristic of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and are also demonstrated when a person is awake and alert. Nightmares occur during REM sleep which may present similar symptoms, but with a nightmare the child usually has memory of the dream.]]
Answer C	AnswerC::Sleep spindles and K complexes
Answer C Explanation	[[AnswerCExp::Sleep spindles and K complexes are characteristics of NREM stage 2. Bruxism occurs commonly during this stage.]]
Answer D	AnswerD::Delta waves
Answer D Explanation	AnswerDExp::Sleep terrors occur during delta sleep (stages 3 and 4 NREM sleep) characterized by delta waves.
Answer E	AnswerE::Alpha waves
Answer E Explanation	AnswerEExp::Alpha waves are found in EEG when a person is awake with closed eyes.
Right Answer	RightAnswer::D
Explanation	[[Explanation::Sleep terror is a type of parasomnia which is most likely to occur during stages 3 and 4 of non-rapid eye mobvement (NREM) sleep, also known as delta sleep and slow wave sleep, characterized by the highest amplitude and the lowest frequency. Other parasomnias such as bed wetting and sleep walking also occur during the delta stage. The most common age group impacted by sleep terrors is from 4-12 years. Commonly, the sleep terrors are commonly associated with waking up in panic, inconsolable crying, autonomic arousal (tachycardia, sweating and hyperventilation), no memory of the episode and no recollection of any nightmare. Often, the recommendations provided are reassurance and proper sleep hygiene. Educational Objective: References: ]]
Approved	Approved::No
Keyword	WBRKeyword::Sleep, WBRKeyword::sleep terrors
Linked Question	Linked::
Order in Linked Questions	LinkedOrder::