Smallpox causes: Difference between revisions
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==Biology== | ==Biology== | ||
[[Variola virus]] is a [[orthopoxvirus]], from the family [[Poxviridae]], the largest [[viruses]] to [[infect]] humans. It is a 200-400 nm dsDNA virus, lacking icosahedral symmetry. The other[[viruses]] of the family [[Poxviridae]] include the [[vaccinia]], the [[molluscum contagiosum]], the [[cowpox]] and the [[monkeypox]].<ref name="MooreSeward2006">{{cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Zack S|last2=Seward|first2=Jane F|last3=Lane|first3=J Michael|title=Smallpox|journal=The Lancet|volume=367|issue=9508|year=2006|pages=425–435|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9}}</ref> | [[Variola virus]] is a [[orthopoxvirus]], from the family [[Poxviridae]], the largest [[viruses]] to [[infect]] humans. It is a 200-400 nm dsDNA virus, lacking icosahedral symmetry. The other [[viruses]] of the family [[Poxviridae]] include the [[vaccinia]], the [[molluscum contagiosum]], the [[cowpox]] and the [[monkeypox]].<ref name="MooreSeward2006">{{cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Zack S|last2=Seward|first2=Jane F|last3=Lane|first3=J Michael|title=Smallpox|journal=The Lancet|volume=367|issue=9508|year=2006|pages=425–435|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9}}</ref> | ||
The [[viral]] structure includes:<ref>{{cite book | last = Fields | first = Bernard | title = Fields virology | publisher = Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | location = Philadelphia | year = 2007 | isbn = 0781760607 }}</ref><ref name="pmid8184534">{{cite journal| author=Massung RF, Liu LI, Qi J, Knight JC, Yuran TE, Kerlavage AR et al.| title=Analysis of the complete genome of smallpox variola major virus strain Bangladesh-1975. | journal=Virology | year= 1994 | volume= 201 | issue= 2 | pages= 215-40 | pmid=8184534 | doi=10.1006/viro.1994.1288 | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8184534 }} </ref><ref name="pmid8661439">{{cite journal| author=Massung RF, Loparev VN, Knight JC, Totmenin AV, Chizhikov VE, Parsons JM et al.| title=Terminal region sequence variations in variola virus DNA. | journal=Virology | year= 1996 | volume= 221 | issue= 2 |pages= 291-300 | pmid=8661439 | doi=10.1006/viro.1996.0378 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8661439 }} </ref> | The [[viral]] structure includes:<ref>{{cite book | last = Fields | first = Bernard | title = Fields virology | publisher = Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins | location = Philadelphia | year = 2007 | isbn = 0781760607 }}</ref><ref name="pmid8184534">{{cite journal| author=Massung RF, Liu LI, Qi J, Knight JC, Yuran TE, Kerlavage AR et al.| title=Analysis of the complete genome of smallpox variola major virus strain Bangladesh-1975. | journal=Virology | year= 1994 | volume= 201 | issue= 2 | pages= 215-40 | pmid=8184534 | doi=10.1006/viro.1994.1288 | pmc= |url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8184534 }} </ref><ref name="pmid8661439">{{cite journal| author=Massung RF, Loparev VN, Knight JC, Totmenin AV, Chizhikov VE, Parsons JM et al.| title=Terminal region sequence variations in variola virus DNA. | journal=Virology | year= 1996 | volume= 221 | issue= 2 |pages= 291-300 | pmid=8661439 | doi=10.1006/viro.1996.0378 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8661439 }} </ref> | ||
* [[Outer membrane]] | * [[Outer membrane]] | ||
| Line 17: | Line 17: | ||
* 1 dsDNA molecule in its core containing 186,999 base pairs | * 1 dsDNA molecule in its core containing 186,999 base pairs | ||
[[Variola virus]] [[genes]] are similar to the ones of [[vaccinia virus]], | [[Variola virus]] [[genes]] are similar to the ones of [[vaccinia virus]]. Since there is cross-protection between poxviruses within a same [[genus]], it was possible to use the second as a [[vaccine]] for [[smallpox virus]].<ref name="ShchelkunovResenchuk1993">{{cite journal|last1=Shchelkunov|first1=Sergei N.|last2=Resenchuk|first2=Sergei M.|last3=Totmenin|first3=Alexei V.|last4=Blinov|first4=Vladimir M.|last5=Marennikova|first5=Svetlana S.|last6=Sandakhchiev|first6=Lev S.|title=Comparison of the genetic maps of variola and vaccinia viruses|journal=FEBS Letters|volume=327|issue=3|year=1993|pages=321–324|issn=00145793|doi=10.1016/0014-5793(93)81013-P}}</ref> | ||
There are 2 forms of [[variola virus]]: | There are 2 forms of [[variola virus]]: | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Smallpox is caused by the variola virus.
Taxonomy
Viruses; dsDNA; Poxviridae; Chordopoxvirinae; Orthopoxvirus; Variola vera
Biology
Variola virus is a orthopoxvirus, from the family Poxviridae, the largest viruses to infect humans. It is a 200-400 nm dsDNA virus, lacking icosahedral symmetry. The other viruses of the family Poxviridae include the vaccinia, the molluscum contagiosum, the cowpox and the monkeypox.[1] The viral structure includes:[2][3][4]
- Outer membrane
- 2 lateral bodies
- 1 dsDNA molecule in its core containing 186,999 base pairs
Variola virus genes are similar to the ones of vaccinia virus. Since there is cross-protection between poxviruses within a same genus, it was possible to use the second as a vaccine for smallpox virus.[5]
There are 2 forms of variola virus:
- Variola major
- Variola minor
Both strains of the virus share a large amount of genome, which leads to the assumption that the difference in virulence resides in alternate gene expression.
Origin
Tropism
Natural reservoir
Humans are the only natural reservoir of smallpox virus.[6]
References
- ↑ Moore, Zack S; Seward, Jane F; Lane, J Michael (2006). "Smallpox". The Lancet. 367 (9508): 425–435. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Fields, Bernard (2007). Fields virology. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0781760607.
- ↑ Massung RF, Liu LI, Qi J, Knight JC, Yuran TE, Kerlavage AR; et al. (1994). "Analysis of the complete genome of smallpox variola major virus strain Bangladesh-1975". Virology. 201 (2): 215–40. doi:10.1006/viro.1994.1288. PMID 8184534.
- ↑ Massung RF, Loparev VN, Knight JC, Totmenin AV, Chizhikov VE, Parsons JM; et al. (1996). "Terminal region sequence variations in variola virus DNA". Virology. 221 (2): 291–300. doi:10.1006/viro.1996.0378. PMID 8661439.
- ↑ Shchelkunov, Sergei N.; Resenchuk, Sergei M.; Totmenin, Alexei V.; Blinov, Vladimir M.; Marennikova, Svetlana S.; Sandakhchiev, Lev S. (1993). "Comparison of the genetic maps of variola and vaccinia viruses". FEBS Letters. 327 (3): 321–324. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(93)81013-P. ISSN 0014-5793.
- ↑ "Smallpox disease overview".