Smallpox causes: Difference between revisions
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Both [[strains]] of the [[virus]] share a large amount of [[genome]], yet they differ clinically. This leads to the assumption that the difference in [[virulence]] resides in alternate [[gene expression]].<ref name="MooreSeward2006">{{cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Zack S|last2=Seward|first2=Jane F|last3=Lane|first3=J Michael|title=Smallpox|journal=The Lancet|volume=367|issue=9508|year=2006|pages=425–435|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9}}</ref><ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Smallpox and its Eradication | url = http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/39485/1/9241561106.pdf?ua=1 }}</ref> | Both [[strains]] of the [[virus]] share a large amount of [[genome]], yet they differ clinically. This leads to the assumption that the difference in [[virulence]] resides in alternate [[gene expression]].<ref name="MooreSeward2006">{{cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Zack S|last2=Seward|first2=Jane F|last3=Lane|first3=J Michael|title=Smallpox|journal=The Lancet|volume=367|issue=9508|year=2006|pages=425–435|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9}}</ref><ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Smallpox and its Eradication | url = http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/39485/1/9241561106.pdf?ua=1 }}</ref> | ||
Poxviruses survive in cold and dry environments being able to survive in the [[aerosol]] form, and are killed by hospital disinfectants and [[UV light]].<ref name="MooreSeward2006">{{cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Zack S|last2=Seward|first2=Jane F|last3=Lane|first3=J Michael|title=Smallpox|journal=The Lancet|volume=367|issue=9508|year=2006|pages=425–435|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9}}</ref><ref name=WHO>{{cite web | title = Smallpox and its Eradication | url = http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/39485/1/9241561106.pdf?ua=1 }}</ref><ref name="pmid4371586">{{cite journal| author=Thomas G| title=Air sampling of smallpox virus. | journal=J Hyg (Lond) | year= 1974 | volume= 73 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-7 | pmid=4371586 | doi= | pmc=PMC2130554 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4371586 }} </ref><ref name="pmid13904777">{{cite journal| author=HARPER GJ| title=Airborne micro-organisms: survival tests with four viruses. | journal=J Hyg (Lond) | year= 1961 | volume= 59 | issue= | pages= 479-86 | pmid=13904777 | doi= | pmc=PMC2134455 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=13904777 }} </ref> | |||
==Origin== | ==Origin== | ||
Revision as of 16:18, 9 July 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]
Overview
Smallpox is caused by the variola virus.
Taxonomy
Viruses; dsDNA; Poxviridae; Chordopoxvirinae; Orthopoxvirus; Variola vera
Biology
Variola virus is a orthopoxvirus, from the family Poxviridae, the largest viruses to infect humans. It is a 200-400 nm dsDNA virus, lacking icosahedral symmetry. The other viruses of the family Poxviridae include:[1]
The viral structure includes:[2][3][4]
- Outer membrane
- 2 lateral bodies
- 1 dsDNA molecule in its core containing 186,999 base pairs
Variola virus genes are similar to the ones of vaccinia virus. Since there is cross-protection between poxviruses within a same genus, it was possible to use the second as a vaccine for smallpox virus.[5]
There are 2 forms of variola virus:
- Variola major
- Variola minor
Both strains of the virus share a large amount of genome, yet they differ clinically. This leads to the assumption that the difference in virulence resides in alternate gene expression.[1][6]
Poxviruses survive in cold and dry environments being able to survive in the aerosol form, and are killed by hospital disinfectants and UV light.[1][6][7][8]
Origin
Tropism
Natural reservoir
Humans are the only natural reservoir of smallpox virus.[9]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Moore, Zack S; Seward, Jane F; Lane, J Michael (2006). "Smallpox". The Lancet. 367 (9508): 425–435. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9. ISSN 0140-6736.
- ↑ Fields, Bernard (2007). Fields virology. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 0781760607.
- ↑ Massung RF, Liu LI, Qi J, Knight JC, Yuran TE, Kerlavage AR; et al. (1994). "Analysis of the complete genome of smallpox variola major virus strain Bangladesh-1975". Virology. 201 (2): 215–40. doi:10.1006/viro.1994.1288. PMID 8184534.
- ↑ Massung RF, Loparev VN, Knight JC, Totmenin AV, Chizhikov VE, Parsons JM; et al. (1996). "Terminal region sequence variations in variola virus DNA". Virology. 221 (2): 291–300. doi:10.1006/viro.1996.0378. PMID 8661439.
- ↑ Shchelkunov, Sergei N.; Resenchuk, Sergei M.; Totmenin, Alexei V.; Blinov, Vladimir M.; Marennikova, Svetlana S.; Sandakhchiev, Lev S. (1993). "Comparison of the genetic maps of variola and vaccinia viruses". FEBS Letters. 327 (3): 321–324. doi:10.1016/0014-5793(93)81013-P. ISSN 0014-5793.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 "Smallpox and its Eradication" (PDF).
- ↑ Thomas G (1974). "Air sampling of smallpox virus". J Hyg (Lond). 73 (1): 1–7. PMC 2130554. PMID 4371586.
- ↑ HARPER GJ (1961). "Airborne micro-organisms: survival tests with four viruses". J Hyg (Lond). 59: 479–86. PMC 2134455. PMID 13904777.
- ↑ "Smallpox disease overview".