Smallpox natural history: Difference between revisions
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====Ordinary smallpox==== | ====Ordinary smallpox==== | ||
* Fatality rate about 30% | * Fatality rate about 30% | ||
* In fatal cases, death usually occurs between the tenth and sixteenth days of the illness | |||
* Unclear cause of death, however infection was known to involve multiple organs. | |||
* Possible contributors include: | |||
:* Circulating [[immune complexes]] | |||
:* Severe [[viremia]] | |||
:* Uncontrolled [[immune response]] | |||
====Flat-type smallpox==== | ====Flat-type smallpox==== | ||
* Fatality rate about 90% | * Fatality rate about 90% | ||
* Cause of death commonly included: loss of fluids, electrolytes and protein, as well as severe sepsis | |||
====Hemorrhagic-type smallpox==== | ====Hemorrhagic-type smallpox==== | ||
* Fatality rate near 100% | * Fatality rate near 100%, usually between 6th and 7th day after the beginning of fever | ||
* Cause of death was often heart failure, or in late cases intense viremia, with severe platelet loss and weak immune response | |||
===Variola minor=== | ===Variola minor=== | ||
* Fatality rate about ≤1% | * Fatality rate about ≤1% | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 17:42, 10 July 2014
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Smallpox Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Treatment |
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Case Studies |
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Smallpox natural history On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Smallpox natural history |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Smallpox natural history |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Natural History
Complications
Common complications of smallpox include:
- Respiratory complications (viral or bacterial):
- Bronchitis
- Fatal pneumonia
- Secondary bacterial skin infection
- Encephalitis - 1 in 500 patients, commonly in adults
- Permanent pitted scars
- Eye problems - 2% of all cases; pustules can form on the eyelid, conjunctiva, and cornea, leading to:
- Conjunctivitis
- Keratitis
- Corneal ulcer
- Iritis
- Iridocylcitis
- Optic atrophy
- Blindness - occurs in 35% to 40% of eyes affected with keratitis and corneal ulcer
- Subconjunctival and retinal hemorrhages.
- Osteomyelitis - lesions are symmetrical, most common in the elbows, tibia, and fibula
- Arthritis may lead to limb deformities
- Ankylosis
Prognosis
The prognosis of smallpox depends on the form of the disease:
Variola major
Ordinary smallpox
- Fatality rate about 30%
- In fatal cases, death usually occurs between the tenth and sixteenth days of the illness
- Unclear cause of death, however infection was known to involve multiple organs.
- Possible contributors include:
- Circulating immune complexes
- Severe viremia
- Uncontrolled immune response
Flat-type smallpox
- Fatality rate about 90%
- Cause of death commonly included: loss of fluids, electrolytes and protein, as well as severe sepsis
Hemorrhagic-type smallpox
- Fatality rate near 100%, usually between 6th and 7th day after the beginning of fever
- Cause of death was often heart failure, or in late cases intense viremia, with severe platelet loss and weak immune response
Variola minor
- Fatality rate about ≤1%