Melena causes

Melena Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Melena from Other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
X Ray
CT
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Melena causes On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Melena causes All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Melena causes
CDC on Melena causes
Melena causes in the news
Blogs on Melena causes
Directions to Hospitals Treating Melena
Risk calculators and risk factors for Melena causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

The most common cause of melena is peptic ulcer disease. Any other cause of bleeding from the upper gastro-intestinal tract, or even the ascending colon, can also cause melena. Melena may also be a sign of drug overdose if a patient is taking anti-coagulants, such as warfarin. A less serious, self-limiting case of melena can occur in newborns two to three days after delivery, due to swallowed maternal blood.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

• Duodenal ulcer
• Esophagitis
• Esophageal varices
• Gastric tumors
• Gastric ulcer
• Gastritis
• Mallory-Weiss syndrome
• Peptic ulcer

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	No underlying causes
Chemical/Poisoning	No underlying causes
Dental	No underlying causes
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	No underlying causes
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	No underlying causes
Gastroenterologic	No underlying causes
Genetic	No underlying causes
Hematologic	No underlying causes
Iatrogenic	No underlying causes
Infectious Disease	No underlying causes
Musculoskeletal/Orthopedic	No underlying causes
Neurologic	No underlying causes
Nutritional/Metabolic	No underlying causes
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	No underlying causes
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose/Toxicity	No underlying causes
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	No underlying causes
Renal/Electrolyte	No underlying causes
Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy	No underlying causes
Sexual	No underlying causes
Trauma	No underlying causes
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	No underlying causes

Causes in Alphabetical Order

• Acanthocephaliasis
• Adenocarcinoma
• Alcoholic cirrhosis
• Alcoholic fatty liver
• Alendronate
• Alosetron
• Anal cancer
• Anal fissure
• Ancylostoma duodenale
• Angiodysplasia
• Angiostrongyliasis
• Anthrax
• Anticoagulants
• Aortoenteric fistula
• Arsenic trioxide
• Arsenicals
• Aspirin
• Bacillary dysentery
• Balantidiasis
• Banti syndrome
• Bevacizumab
• Biliary atresia
• Blood clotting disorders
• Blue rubber bleb nevus syndrome
• Bowel ischemia
• Bowel obstruction
• Bowel strangulation
• Budd-Chiari syndrome
• Candida albicans
• Carbamoylphosphate synthetase deficiency
• Carcinoid
• Caustic ingestion
• Cecal carcinoma
• Cholesterol embolism
• Choriocarcinoma
• Chronic portal vein thrombosis
• Clopidogrel
• Coagulopathy
• Coats plus syndrome
• Colchicine
• Colitis
• Colitis cystica profunda
• Colonic diverticulosis
• Colonic tubular adenomata
• Colonic villous adenomata
• Colonoscopy
• Colorectal cancer
• Craniomandibular dermatodysostosis
• Crohn's disease
• Cytomegalovirus
• Degos' disease
• Dermatomyositis
• Dicoumarol
• Dieulafoy ulcer
• Drug overdose
• Duodenal polypectomy
• Duodenal ulcer
• Duodenal webs
• Duplication cysts
• Ebola virus
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
• Endometriosis
• Entamoeba histolytica
• Esophageal cancer
• Esophageal cyst
• Esophageal varices
• Essential thrombocytosis
• Ethylene glycol
• Familial adenomatous polyposis
• Food allergy
• Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES)
• Foreign body
• Gardner syndrome
• Gastric antral vascular ectasia
• Gastric cancer
• Gastric polyps
• Gastric ulcer
• Gastric volvulus
• Gastric webs
• Gastritis
• Gastroduodenal ulcers
• Gastrointestinal duplications
• Giardiasis
• Haemorrhoids
• Helicobacter pylori
• Hemangiomas
• Hemobilia
• Hemophilia
• Hemorrhagic disease of the newborn
• Hemorrhagic thrombocythemia
• Henoch-Schoenlein purpura
• Hepatic arterioportal fistula
• Hepatorenal tyrosinemia
• Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia
• Herpes simplex virus
• Indomethacin
• Intussusception
• Iron compounds
• Iron deficiency anemia
• Kaposi sarcoma
• Kasabach-Merritt syndrome
• Katayama fever
• Labrune syndrome
• Leiomyoma
• Lipoma
• Liver cirrhosis
• Lymphoma
• Malignancy
• Mallory-Weiss syndrome
• Mallory-Weiss tear
• Meckel's diverticulum
• Melanoma
• Melarsoprol
• Ménétrier's disease
• Mercury
• Mesenchymal neoplasm
• Mesenteric vascular occlusion
• Metastatic tumor
• Microscopic polyangiitis
• Milk protein intolerance
• Necator americanus (hookworm)
• Neurofibromatosis type 1
• NSAIDS
• Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
• Parenteral nutrition-induced liver disease
• Pelvic fracture
• Peptic ulcer
• Peutz-Jeghers syndrome
• Phenprocoumon
• Phenylbutazone
• Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis
• Polyarteritis nodosa
• Portal hypertension
• Portal hypertensive gastropathy
• Post-surgical anastomosis
• Potassium chloride
• Proctitis
• Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
• Quinidine
• Radiation-induced telangiectasia
• Chronic renal failure
• Ruptured esophageal varices
• Schistosoma mansoni
• Small bowel cancer
• Small bowel lymphoma
• Small bowel malignancy
• Small-bowel tumors
• Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome
• Stomach cancer
• Stress gastritis
• Stress ulcer
• Strongyloidiasis
• Superior mesenteric artery occlusion
• Swallowed maternal blood
• Systemic mastocytosis
• Tetracycline
• Thrombocytopenia
• Trauma
• Trichuriasis
• Tumors
• Typhoid fever
• Ulcerative colitis
• Vascular anomalies
• Vasculitis
• Warfarin
• Watermelon stomach
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Yellow fever
• Zinc
• Ziv-aflibercept
• Zollinger-Ellison syndrome