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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Ebola]]''' | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''''' |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Presents with [[fever]], [[chills]] [[vomiting]], [[diarrhea]], generalized [[pain]] or [[malaise]], and sometimes [[Internal bleeding|internal]] and external [[bleeding]], that follow an [[incubation period]] of 2-21 days. | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | |
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Typhoid fever]]''' | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''''' |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Presents with [[fever]], [[headache]], [[rash]], gastrointestinal symptoms, with [[lymphadenopathy]], relative [[bradycardia]], [[cough]] and [[leucopenia]] and sometimes [[sore throat]]. [[Blood]] and [[stool culture]] can confirm the presence of the causative bacteria. | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | |
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''[[Malaria]]''' | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''''' |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Presents with acute [[fever]], [[headache]] and sometimes [[diarrhea]] (children). A [[blood smear]]s must be examined for malaria parasites. The presence of [[parasites]] does not exclude a concurrent viral infection. An [[antimalarial]] should be prescribed as an [[empiric therapy]]. | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | |
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Lassa fever]]''' | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''''' |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Disease onset is usually gradual, with [[fever]], [[sore throat]], [[cough]], [[pharyngitis]], and [[facial edema]] in the later stages. [[Inflammation]] and exudation of the [[pharynx]] and [[conjunctiva]] are common. | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | |
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Yellow fever]] and other [[Flaviviridae]] ''' | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''''' |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Present with [[hemorrhage|hemorrhagic]] complications. [[Epidemiological]] investigation may reveal a pattern of disease [[transmission]] by an insect vector. Virus isolation and serological investigation serves to distinguish these [[viruses]]. Confirmed history of previous [[yellow fever]] [[vaccination]] will rule out [[yellow fever]]. | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | |
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Shigellosis]] & other bacterial enteric infections''' | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''''' |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Presents with [[diarrhea]], possibly [[Dysentery|bloody]], accompanied by [[fever]], [[nausea]], and sometimes [[toxemia]], [[vomiting]], [[cramps]], and [[tenesmus]]. [[Stool]]s contain [[blood]] and mucous in a typical case. A search for possible sites of bacterial infection, together with cultures and [[blood smear]]s, should be made. Presence of [[leucocytosis]] distinguishes bacterial infections from [[viral infections]]. | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | |
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Leukemia]]''' | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''''' |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[Cancer]] of the [[blood]] or [[bone marrow]] and is characterized by an abnormal proliferation (production by multiplication) of blood [[Cell (biology)|cells]], usually white blood cells ([[leukocytes]]). It is part of the broad group of diseases called [[Hematological malignancy|hematological neoplasms]]. | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | |
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Tonsillitis]]''' | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''''' |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Tonsillitis is characterized by signs of red, swollen [[tonsils]] which may have a [[exudate|purulent exudative]] coating of white patches (i.e. [[pus]]). In addition, there may be enlarged and tender neck [[cervical lymph nodes]]. | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | |
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Pharyngitis]]''' | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''''' |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Typically characterized by [[sore throat]], but commonly accompanied by [[fever]], [[headache]], [[joint pain]] and [[muscle aches]], [[skin rashes]], [[swollen lymph nodes]] in the [[neck]], [[diphtheria]] and [[common cold]]. | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | |
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[adenovirus|Adenovirus infections]]''' | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''''' |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Commonly presents by a [[cold]] syndrome, [[pneumonia]], [[croup]] and [[bronchitis]]. | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | |
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Influenza]]''' | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''''' |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | [[Symptoms]] of [[influenza]] can start quite suddenly one to two days after [[infection]]. Usually the first [[symptoms]] are [[chills]] or a chilly sensation but [[fever]] is also common early in the [[infection]], with body temperatures as high as 39 °C (approximately 103 °F). Many people are so ill that they are confined to bed for several days, with aches and pains throughout their bodies, which are worst in their backs and legs. Common [[symptoms]] of the [[flu]] such as [[fever]], [[headaches]], and [[fatigue]] come from the huge amounts of proinflammatory [[cytokine]]s and [[chemokine]]s (such as [[interferon]] or [[Tumor necrosis factor-alpha|tumor necrosis factor]]) produced from influenza-infected cells.<ref name="pmid15858027">{{cite journal| author=Schmitz N, Kurrer M, Bachmann MF, Kopf M| title=Interleukin-1 is responsible for acute lung immunopathology but increases survival of respiratory influenza virus infection. | journal=J Virol | year= 2005 | volume= 79 | issue= 10 | pages= 6441-8 | pmid=15858027 | doi=10.1128/JVI.79.10.6441-6448.2005 | pmc=PMC1091664 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15858027 }} </ref> In contrast to the [[rhinovirus]] that causes the [[common cold]], influenza does cause tissue damage, so symptoms are not entirely due to the inflammatory response.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Winther B, Gwaltney J, Mygind N, Hendley J | title = Viral-induced rhinitis. | journal = Am J Rhinol | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 17–20 | year = | id = PMID 9513654}}</ref> | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | |
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''Others''' | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''''' |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |[[Leptospirosis]], [[rheumatic fever]], [[typhus]], and [[mononucleosis]] can produce [[signs]] and [[symptoms]] that may be confused with [[Ebola]] in the early stages of [[infection]]. | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | |
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