Yersinia pestis infection epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions

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==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==
People usually get [[plague]] from being bitten by a rodent flea that is carrying the [[plague]] bacterium or by handling an infected animal.
Given its ability to cause serious pandemics, plague is one of the three diseases subject to the International Health Regulations, the other two being yellow fever and cholera. Yersinia pestis in found in animal reservoirs, especially in rodents which are often responsible for the rapid spread of the disease. Natural foci of plague are found all over the world, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical latitudes and in warm parts of the temperate latitudes. All continents are known to harbor natural plague foci except Australia.


[[Image:World98 sm.gif|frame|left|World Distribution of [[plague]], 1998]]
Known as the black death, plague pandemics have caused significant casualties in the last 2 millennia. The first  certain pandemic recorded in the sixth century AD spread across Asia, Africa and Europe claiming approximately 100,000,000 lives. The fourteenth century witnessed the second pandemic, with no less than 50,000,000 casualties. The third pandemic came in the late nineteenth century mostly affecting India with 13,000,000 recorded deaths.
 
Wild rodents in certain areas around the world are infected with [[plague]]. Outbreaks in people still occur in rural communities or in cities. They are usually associated with infected rats and rat fleas that live in the home. In the United States, the last urban [[plague]] epidemic occurred in Los Angeles in 1924-25. Since then, human [[plague]] in the United States has occurred as mostly scattered cases in rural areas (an average of 10 to 15 persons each year). Globally, the World Health Organization reports 1,000 to 3,000 cases of [[plague]] every year. In North America, [[plague]] is found in certain animals and their fleas from the Pacific Coast to the Great Plains, and from southwestern Canada to Mexico. Most human cases in the United States occur in two regions: 1) Northern New Mexico, northern Arizona, and southern Colorado; and 2) California, southern Oregon, and far western Nevada. [[plague]] also exists in Africa, Asia, and South America  (see map).
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==References==
==References==

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Epidemiology and Demographics

Given its ability to cause serious pandemics, plague is one of the three diseases subject to the International Health Regulations, the other two being yellow fever and cholera. Yersinia pestis in found in animal reservoirs, especially in rodents which are often responsible for the rapid spread of the disease. Natural foci of plague are found all over the world, particularly in tropical and sub-tropical latitudes and in warm parts of the temperate latitudes. All continents are known to harbor natural plague foci except Australia.

Known as the black death, plague pandemics have caused significant casualties in the last 2 millennia. The first certain pandemic recorded in the sixth century AD spread across Asia, Africa and Europe claiming approximately 100,000,000 lives. The fourteenth century witnessed the second pandemic, with no less than 50,000,000 casualties. The third pandemic came in the late nineteenth century mostly affecting India with 13,000,000 recorded deaths.

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