Yersinia pestis infection history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Symptoms of plague may be differentiated by type: Bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic. Although all 3 types share constitutional symptoms, key features differentiate them from one another. Not only do the 3 types differ in symptoms, but also in treatment and prognosis. Bubonic plague is characterized by the presence of painful and tender lymphadenopathy, called buboes. Less pathognomonic features are found in other types of plague, making their diagnosis more difficult. Septicemic plague follows the course, along with signs and symptoms, of a gram-negative bacilli and pneumonic plague presents with a virulent pneumonia.<ref name="pmid16762739">{{cite journal| author=Koirala J| title=Plague: disease, management, and recognition of act of terrorism. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2006 | volume= 20 | issue= 2 | pages= 273-87, viii | pmid=16762739 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2006.02.004 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16762739 }} </ref> | Symptoms of plague may be differentiated by type: Bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic. Although all 3 types share constitutional symptoms, key features differentiate them from one another. Not only do the 3 types differ in symptoms, but also in treatment and prognosis.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/plague/symptoms/index.html |title= Plague |date= Jun 13 2012 |website= Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|publisher=CDC|accessdate=Jul 25 2014}}</ref> Bubonic plague is characterized by the presence of painful and tender lymphadenopathy, called buboes. Less pathognomonic features are found in other types of plague, making their diagnosis more difficult.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/plague/symptoms/index.html |title= Plague |date= Jun 13 2012 |website= Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|publisher=CDC|accessdate=Jul 25 2014}}</ref> Septicemic plague follows the course, along with signs and symptoms, of a gram-negative bacilli and pneumonic plague presents with a virulent pneumonia.<ref name="pmid16762739">{{cite journal| author=Koirala J| title=Plague: disease, management, and recognition of act of terrorism. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2006 | volume= 20 | issue= 2 | pages= 273-87, viii | pmid=16762739 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2006.02.004 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16762739 }} </ref> | ||
==History and Symptoms== | ==History and Symptoms== | ||
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*Pneumonic plague | *Pneumonic plague | ||
While bubonic plaque is the most common type of plague in humans, septicemic is the most fatal and often leads to death in all untreated cases. One patient may have more than one plague type, especially late in the course of the disease. All plague types include constitutional non-specific symptoms, such as fever, malaise, and weight loss. However, it is important to differentiate the types of plague based on patient symptoms for therapeutic and prognostic purposes.<ref name="pmid16762739">{{cite journal| author=Koirala J| title=Plague: disease, management, and recognition of act of terrorism. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2006 | volume= 20 | issue= 2 | pages= 273-87, viii | pmid=16762739 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2006.02.004 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16762739 }} </ref> | While bubonic plaque is the most common type of plague in humans, septicemic is the most fatal and often leads to death in all untreated cases.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web |url=http://www.cdc.gov/plague/symptoms/index.html |title= Plague |date= Jun 13 2012 |website= Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|publisher=CDC|accessdate=Jul 25 2014}}</ref> One patient may have more than one plague type, especially late in the course of the disease. All plague types include constitutional non-specific symptoms, such as fever, malaise, and weight loss. However, it is important to differentiate the types of plague based on patient symptoms for therapeutic and prognostic purposes.<ref name="pmid16762739">{{cite journal| author=Koirala J| title=Plague: disease, management, and recognition of act of terrorism. | journal=Infect Dis Clin North Am | year= 2006 | volume= 20 | issue= 2 | pages= 273-87, viii | pmid=16762739 | doi=10.1016/j.idc.2006.02.004 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16762739 }} </ref> | ||
Revision as of 17:17, 25 July 2014
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Yersinia pestis infection Microchapters |
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Differentiating Yersinia Pestis Infection from other Diseases |
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Yersinia pestis infection history and symptoms On the Web |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Symptoms of plague may be differentiated by type: Bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic. Although all 3 types share constitutional symptoms, key features differentiate them from one another. Not only do the 3 types differ in symptoms, but also in treatment and prognosis.[1] Bubonic plague is characterized by the presence of painful and tender lymphadenopathy, called buboes. Less pathognomonic features are found in other types of plague, making their diagnosis more difficult.[1] Septicemic plague follows the course, along with signs and symptoms, of a gram-negative bacilli and pneumonic plague presents with a virulent pneumonia.[2]
History and Symptoms
The plague may have any of 3 classic presentations:
- Bubonic plague
- Septicemic plague
- Pneumonic plague
While bubonic plaque is the most common type of plague in humans, septicemic is the most fatal and often leads to death in all untreated cases.[1] One patient may have more than one plague type, especially late in the course of the disease. All plague types include constitutional non-specific symptoms, such as fever, malaise, and weight loss. However, it is important to differentiate the types of plague based on patient symptoms for therapeutic and prognostic purposes.[2]
The following table compares the various types of plague and their key clinical features.
| Subtype | Mode of Transmission | Manifestations | Complications |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bubonic Plague |
|
Symptoms generally start 2-6 days after exposure:
|
Symptoms of complications may also arise. The most common complications are:
|
| Septicemic Plague |
|
Usually affects patients older than 60 years of age. Characteristically, there is absence of lymphadenopathy, which differentiates it from bubonic plague. Signs and symptoms of gram-negative sepsis may predominate:
|
- |
| Pneumonic Plague |
|
Respiratory symptoms causing a virulent pneumonia are the hallmark of pneumonic plague:
|
- |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 "Plague". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC. Jun 13 2012. Retrieved Jul 25 2014. Check date values in:
|accessdate=, |date=(help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Koirala J (2006). "Plague: disease, management, and recognition of act of terrorism". Infect Dis Clin North Am. 20 (2): 273–87, viii. doi:10.1016/j.idc.2006.02.004. PMID 16762739.