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{{WBRQuestion
{{WBRQuestion
|QuestionAuthor={{Rim}}
|QuestionAuthor={{Rim}} {{Alison}}
|ExamType=USMLE Step 1
|ExamType=USMLE Step 1
|MainCategory=Microbiology
|MainCategory=Microbiology
Line 20: Line 20:
|MainCategory=Microbiology
|MainCategory=Microbiology
|SubCategory=Genitourinary
|SubCategory=Genitourinary
|Prompt=A 60-year-old female presents to the physician’s office with post-coital bleeding.   Following appropriate work-up, the pathology identified in this patient is similar to the image shown below.  physician explains to the patient that her condition is caused by a sexually transmitted virus. The Which of the following characteristics appropriately describes the virus implicated in this patient's pathology?
|Prompt=A 60-year-old female presents to the physician’s office with post-coital bleeding. Upon appropriate work-up, the patient's pathology findings are illustrated below.  You explain to the patient that her condition is most likely a sexually transmitted virus. Which of the following characteristics best describes the virus implicated in this patient's pathology?


[[Image:ThinPrep Pap smear HPV.jpeg|350px]]
[[Image:ThinPrep Pap smear HPV.jpeg|350px]]
|Explanation=The patient is presenting with an abnormal pap-smear that shows koilocytes.  Koilocytes are abnormal cells that have been infected by [[human papilloma virus]] ([[HPV]]).  The image shown above shows a normal cervical cell on the left, and a [[koilocyte]] defined as an HPV-infected cell, on the right side that is characterized by large nuclei with [[perinuclear halo]].
|Explanation=The patient presents with an abnormal pap-smear that displays the presence of [[koilocytes]], abnormal cells infected by the [[human papilloma virus]] ([[HPV]]).  The image illustrated above depicts a normal cervical cell on the left, and a [[koilocyte]] on the right side, which contains a characteristic large nuclei with a [[perinuclear halo]].


HPV infection is a [[sexually transmitted infection]] (STI).  The virus is a double-stranded non-envolved DNA virus.  Among the most important HPV types are HPV types 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45 which predispose to [[cervical cancer]]; and 6, 11, 42, 43, and 44 which cause [[genital warts]].  
HPV is a [[sexually transmitted infection]] (STI).  The virus is a double-stranded, non-envolved DNA virus.  Among the most significant HPV types are HPV type 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45, which predispose to [[cervical cancer]], and 6, 11, 42, 43, and 44 which frequently result in [[genital warts]].  
 
|EducationalObjectives= [[Koilocyte]]s, with characteristic enlarged nuclei with perinuclear halos, are cells infected with HPV.  HPV is a sexually transmitted virus manifesting in over 100 forms, some of which predispose to cervical cancer and others to genital warts.
|References= First Aid 2014 page 158


Educational Objective:
Koilocytes, defined as enlarged nuclei with perinuclear halo, are infected cells with HPV.  HPV is a sexually transmitted virus that has at least a 100 types described, some of which predispose to cervical cancer and some cause genital warts.
|AnswerA=Double-stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus
|AnswerA=Double-stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus
|AnswerAExp=Human papilloma virus (HPV) is a double-stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus
|AnswerAExp=The human papilloma virus (HPV) is a double-stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus.
|AnswerB=Double-stranded, enveloped DNA virus  
|AnswerB=Double-stranded, enveloped DNA virus  
|AnswerBExp=HPV is a non-enveloped virus
|AnswerBExp=HPV is a non-enveloped virus.
|AnswerC=Single-stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus
|AnswerC=Single-stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus
|AnswerCExp=HPV is a double-stranded virus.
|AnswerCExp=HPV is a double-stranded virus.
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|AnswerDExp=HPV is a double-stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus.
|AnswerDExp=HPV is a double-stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus.
|AnswerE=Double-stranded, non-enveloped RNA virus
|AnswerE=Double-stranded, non-enveloped RNA virus
|AnswerEExp=HPV is a DNA virus
|AnswerEExp=HPV is a DNA virus.
|RightAnswer=A
|RightAnswer=A
|WBRKeyword=double, stranded, double stranded, DNA, non enveloped, non-enveloped, non, enveloped, HPV, human, papilloma, virus, human papilloma virus, genital, warts, genital warts, cervical, cancer, risk, factor, sexual, partner, multiple
|WBRKeyword=double stranded, DNA, non-enveloped, HPV, human papilloma virus, genital warts, cervical cancer, sexually transmitted, gentiles
|Approved=No
|Approved=Yes
}}
}}

Revision as of 13:29, 28 July 2014
Author [[PageAuthor::Rim Halaby, M.D. [1] (Reviewed by Alison Leibowitz)]]
Exam Type ExamType::USMLE Step 1
Main Category MainCategory::Microbiology
Sub Category SubCategory::Genitourinary
Prompt [[Prompt::A 60-year-old female presents to the physician’s office with post-coital bleeding. Upon appropriate work-up, the patient's pathology findings are illustrated below. You explain to the patient that her condition is most likely a sexually transmitted virus. Which of the following characteristics best describes the virus implicated in this patient's pathology?

]]

Answer A AnswerA::Double-stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus
Answer A Explanation AnswerAExp::The human papilloma virus (HPV) is a double-stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus.
Answer B AnswerB::Double-stranded, enveloped DNA virus
Answer B Explanation AnswerBExp::HPV is a non-enveloped virus.
Answer C AnswerC::Single-stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus
Answer C Explanation AnswerCExp::HPV is a double-stranded virus.
Answer D AnswerD::Single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus.
Answer D Explanation AnswerDExp::HPV is a double-stranded, non-enveloped DNA virus.
Answer E AnswerE::Double-stranded, non-enveloped RNA virus
Answer E Explanation AnswerEExp::HPV is a DNA virus.
Right Answer RightAnswer::A
Explanation [[Explanation::The patient presents with an abnormal pap-smear that displays the presence of koilocytes, abnormal cells infected by the human papilloma virus (HPV). The image illustrated above depicts a normal cervical cell on the left, and a koilocyte on the right side, which contains a characteristic large nuclei with a perinuclear halo.

HPV is a sexually transmitted infection (STI). The virus is a double-stranded, non-envolved DNA virus. Among the most significant HPV types are HPV type 16, 18, 31, 33, and 45, which predispose to cervical cancer, and 6, 11, 42, 43, and 44 which frequently result in genital warts.
Educational Objective: Koilocytes, with characteristic enlarged nuclei with perinuclear halos, are cells infected with HPV. HPV is a sexually transmitted virus manifesting in over 100 forms, some of which predispose to cervical cancer and others to genital warts.
References: First Aid 2014 page 158]]

Approved Approved::Yes
Keyword WBRKeyword::double stranded, WBRKeyword::DNA, WBRKeyword::non-enveloped, WBRKeyword::HPV, WBRKeyword::human papilloma virus, WBRKeyword::genital warts, WBRKeyword::cervical cancer, WBRKeyword::sexually transmitted, WBRKeyword::gentiles
Linked Question Linked::
Order in Linked Questions LinkedOrder::
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