Hepatitis B risk factors

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Overview

Risk factors for hepatitis B are: being born from an infected mother, sexual/household contacts of infected persons, injection drug users, frequent exposure to blood in healthcare settings and travel to hepatitis B endemic areas.

Risk Factors

Individuals who are at increased risk of hepatitis B infection include:

• Infants born to infected mothers
• Young children in day-care or residential settings with other children in endemic areas
• Sexual/household contacts of infected persons
• ƒ Patients and employees in haemodialysis centres
• Injection drug users sharing unsterile needles
• People sharing unsterile medical or dental equipment
• People providing or receiving acupuncture and/or tattooing with unsterile medical devices
• Persons living in regions or travelling to regions with endemic hepatitis B
• Sexually active heterosexuals
• Men who have sex with men
• Hemophilia patients
• Travel to areas where hepatitis B is common

Frequent and routine exposure to blood or serum is the common denominator of healthcare occupational exposure.