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{{WBRQuestion | {{WBRQuestion | ||
|QuestionAuthor=Gonzalo Romero (Reviewed by Will Gibson) | |QuestionAuthor=Gonzalo Romero (Reviewed by Will Gibson and Yazan Daaboul) | ||
|ExamType=USMLE Step 1 | |ExamType=USMLE Step 1 | ||
|MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | |MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | ||
|SubCategory= | |SubCategory=General Principles | ||
|MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | |MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | ||
|SubCategory= | |SubCategory=General Principles | ||
|MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | |MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | ||
|SubCategory= | |SubCategory=General Principles | ||
|MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | |MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | ||
|MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | |MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | ||
|MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | |MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | ||
|SubCategory= | |SubCategory=General Principles | ||
|MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | |MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | ||
|SubCategory= | |SubCategory=General Principles | ||
|MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | |MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | ||
|SubCategory= | |SubCategory=General Principles | ||
|MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | |MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | ||
|SubCategory=General Principles | |||
|MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | |MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | ||
|SubCategory= | |MainCategory=Biostatistics/ Epidemiology | ||
|Prompt=A new vaccine is being developed to prevent the new H7N9 strain of influenza that has recently caused an outbreak in China. A clinical trial concludes that this vaccine provides a relative risk reduction of 96% for influenza infection in the general population. A committee of practicing physicians in China is attempting to understand the potential effect of this intervention on several epidemiologic measures. Which of the following | |SubCategory=General Principles | ||
|Explanation=This question is testing basic epidemiologic concepts. [[Incidence]] is defined as the number of new cases within a given time period. [[Prevalence]] is the number of people affected by a given condition at a single point in time. The prompt | |Prompt=A new vaccine is being developed to prevent the new H7N9 strain of influenza that has recently caused an outbreak in China. A clinical trial concludes that this vaccine provides a relative risk reduction of 96% for influenza infection in the general population. A committee of practicing physicians in China is attempting to understand the potential effect of this intervention on several epidemiologic measures. Which of the following will be the most appropriate statement regarding this new vaccine's effect? | ||
|Explanation=This question is testing basic epidemiologic concepts. [[Incidence]] is defined as the number of new cases within a given time period. [[Prevalence]] is the number of people affected by a given condition at a single point in time. The prompt stated that the vaccine will be 96% effective in preventing new cases. Therefore, the incidence will decrease. Because [[prevalence]] is equal to [[incidence]] multiplied by the average duration of disease, the prevalence of the disease will decrease as well. | |||
|AnswerA=Prevalence will decrease and incidence will remain unchanged | |AnswerA=Prevalence will decrease and incidence will remain unchanged | ||
|AnswerAExp=[[Prevalence]] could decrease if for example; the average duration of disease increases even though [[incidence]] remains unchanged. There is no evidence in the prompt that the vaccine | |AnswerAExp=[[Prevalence]] could decrease if for example; the average duration of disease increases even though [[incidence]] remains unchanged. There is no evidence in the prompt that the vaccine will cause people to recover less quickly from [[influenza]] infection. | ||
|AnswerB=Incidence will decrease | |AnswerB=Incidence will decrease | ||
|AnswerBExp=The prompt states that the vaccine will be 96% effective in preventing new cases of [[influenza]]. Because the incidence represents the rate of new cases, the [[vaccine]] will decrease the incidence. | |AnswerBExp=The prompt states that the vaccine will be 96% effective in preventing new cases of [[influenza]]. Because the incidence represents the rate of new cases, the [[vaccine]] will decrease the incidence. | ||
|AnswerC=Incidence will increase and prevalence will increase | |AnswerC=Incidence will increase and prevalence will increase | ||
|AnswerCExp=Because the [[vaccine]] will decrease the [[incidence]] of the disease, the [[prevalence]] will also decrease. | |AnswerCExp=Because the [[vaccine]] will decrease the [[incidence]] of the disease, the [[prevalence]] will also decrease. | ||
|AnswerD=No effect will be seen | |AnswerD=No effect on either prevalence or incidence will be seen | ||
|AnswerDExp=[[Incidence]] is an epidemiologic measure representing the number of new cases in a given time period. Because the [[vaccine]] is shown to be 96% effective in preventing new cases of [[influenza]], | |AnswerDExp=[[Incidence]] is an epidemiologic measure representing the number of new cases in a given time period. Because the [[vaccine]] is shown to be 96% effective in preventing new cases of [[influenza]], the [[incidence]] is expected to decrease. Because [[incidence]] is proportional to prevalence, prevalence will also decrease. | ||
|AnswerE=Prevalence will decrease and incidence will remain unchanged | |AnswerE=Prevalence will decrease and incidence will remain unchanged | ||
|AnswerEExp=[[Prevalence]] depends on incidence and the average duration of disease. Prevalence will be much greater than incidence with chronic conditions where the average duration of disease is long. With short-lived conditions such as [[influenza]], the incidence will closely reflect the [[prevalence]]. | |AnswerEExp=[[Prevalence]] depends on incidence and the average duration of disease. Prevalence will be much greater than incidence with chronic conditions where the average duration of disease is long. With short-lived conditions, such as [[influenza]], the incidence will closely reflect the [[prevalence]]. Therefore, it is expected that the [[vaccine]] decreases both the [[prevalence]] and [[incidence]] of this strain of [[influenza]]. | ||
|EducationalObjectives=[[Prevalence]] is defined as the number of current cases of a particular disease. [[Incidence]] is the number of new cases of a particular disease in a given time period. The relationship between [[prevalence]] and [[incidence]] can be summarized in the equation below: | |EducationalObjectives=[[Prevalence]] is defined as the number of current cases of a particular disease. [[Incidence]] is defined as the number of new cases of a particular disease in a given time period. The relationship between [[prevalence]] and [[incidence]] can be summarized in the equation below: | ||
[[Prevalence]] = [[Incidence]] x average duration of disease | [[Prevalence]] = [[Incidence]] x average duration of disease |
Revision as of 18:36, 30 July 2014
Author | PageAuthor::Gonzalo Romero (Reviewed by Will Gibson and Yazan Daaboul) |
---|---|
Exam Type | ExamType::USMLE Step 1 |
Main Category | MainCategory::Biostatistics/ Epidemiology |
Sub Category | SubCategory::General Principles |
Prompt | [[Prompt::A new vaccine is being developed to prevent the new H7N9 strain of influenza that has recently caused an outbreak in China. A clinical trial concludes that this vaccine provides a relative risk reduction of 96% for influenza infection in the general population. A committee of practicing physicians in China is attempting to understand the potential effect of this intervention on several epidemiologic measures. Which of the following will be the most appropriate statement regarding this new vaccine's effect?]] |
Answer A | AnswerA::Prevalence will decrease and incidence will remain unchanged |
Answer A Explanation | [[AnswerAExp::Prevalence could decrease if for example; the average duration of disease increases even though incidence remains unchanged. There is no evidence in the prompt that the vaccine will cause people to recover less quickly from influenza infection.]] |
Answer B | AnswerB::Incidence will decrease |
Answer B Explanation | [[AnswerBExp::The prompt states that the vaccine will be 96% effective in preventing new cases of influenza. Because the incidence represents the rate of new cases, the vaccine will decrease the incidence.]] |
Answer C | AnswerC::Incidence will increase and prevalence will increase |
Answer C Explanation | [[AnswerCExp::Because the vaccine will decrease the incidence of the disease, the prevalence will also decrease.]] |
Answer D | AnswerD::No effect on either prevalence or incidence will be seen |
Answer D Explanation | [[AnswerDExp::Incidence is an epidemiologic measure representing the number of new cases in a given time period. Because the vaccine is shown to be 96% effective in preventing new cases of influenza, the incidence is expected to decrease. Because incidence is proportional to prevalence, prevalence will also decrease.]] |
Answer E | AnswerE::Prevalence will decrease and incidence will remain unchanged |
Answer E Explanation | [[AnswerEExp::Prevalence depends on incidence and the average duration of disease. Prevalence will be much greater than incidence with chronic conditions where the average duration of disease is long. With short-lived conditions, such as influenza, the incidence will closely reflect the prevalence. Therefore, it is expected that the vaccine decreases both the prevalence and incidence of this strain of influenza.]] |
Right Answer | RightAnswer::B |
Explanation | [[Explanation::This question is testing basic epidemiologic concepts. Incidence is defined as the number of new cases within a given time period. Prevalence is the number of people affected by a given condition at a single point in time. The prompt stated that the vaccine will be 96% effective in preventing new cases. Therefore, the incidence will decrease. Because prevalence is equal to incidence multiplied by the average duration of disease, the prevalence of the disease will decrease as well. Educational Objective: Prevalence is defined as the number of current cases of a particular disease. Incidence is defined as the number of new cases of a particular disease in a given time period. The relationship between prevalence and incidence can be summarized in the equation below: Prevalence = Incidence x average duration of disease |
Approved | Approved::Yes |
Keyword | WBRKeyword::Epidemiology, WBRKeyword::Biostatistics, WBRKeyword::Biostats, WBRKeyword::Incidence, WBRKeyword::Prevalence, WBRKeyword::Vaccine, WBRKeyword::Risk |
Linked Question | Linked:: |
Order in Linked Questions | LinkedOrder:: |