Hepatitis E pathophysiology: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 01:04, 19 August 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2] Jolanta Marszalek, M.D. [3]

Overview

Pathogenesis

Transmission

The hepatitis E virus is transmitted mainly through the fecal-oral route, due to fecal contamination of drinking water.

Other transmission routes have been identified, including:

Foodborne transmission from ingestion of products derived from infected animals
Transfusion of infected blood products
Vertical transmission from a pregnant woman to her fetus
Ingestion of raw or uncooked shellfish has also been identified as the source of sporadic cases in endemic areas.

Although humans are considered the natural host for the hepatitis E virus, antibodies to the hepatitis E virus or closely related viruses have been detected in primates and several other animal species, suggesting infection by the virus.

Hepatitis E is a waterborne disease. Contaminated water or food supplies have been implicated in major outbreaks.

References

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@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
-{{Taxobox | color=violet
-| name = ''Hepatitis E virus''
-| image = Hepatitis E virus.jpg
-| image_caption = [[Transmission electron microscopy|TEM]] [[micrograph]] of hepatitis E virions.
-| virus_group = iv
-| familia = ''[[Hepeviridae]]''
-| genus = ''[[Hepevirus]]''
-| species = '''''Hepatitis E virus'''''
-}}
 {{Hepatitis E}}
 {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{JS}} {{JM}}
@@ Line 17: / Line 8: @@
 ==Pathogenesis==
 ===Transmission===
+The [[hepatitis E virus]] is transmitted mainly through the fecal-oral route, due to fecal contamination of drinking water.
-==Virology==
+Other transmission routes have been identified, including:
-The viral particles are 27 to 34 [[nanometer]]s in diameter, are non-enveloped and contain a single-strand of positive-sense [[RNA]] that is approximately 7300 bases in length. The virus particle was first visualised in 1983<ref>{{cite journal |author=Balayan MS, Andjaparidze AG, Savinskaya SS, ''et al'' |title=Evidence for a virus in non-A, non-B hepatitis transmitted via the fecal-oral route |journal=Intervirology |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=23-31 |year=1983 |pmid=6409836 |doi=}}</ref> but was only molecularly cloned in 1990.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Reyes GR, Purdy MA, Kim JP, ''et al'' |title=Isolation of a cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis |journal=Science |volume=247 |issue=4948 |pages=1335-9 |year=1990 |pmid=2107574 |doi=10.1126/science.2107574}}</ref>
+* Foodborne [[transmission]] from [[ingestion]] of products derived from [[infected]] animals
+* [[Transfusion]] of infected [[blood]] products
+* Vertical [[transmission]] from a pregnant woman to her [[fetus]]
+* [[Ingestion]] of raw or uncooked shellfish has also been identified as the source of sporadic cases in [[endemic]] areas.
-It was previously classified family [[Caliciviridae]]. However, its [[genome]] more closely resembles the [[rubella|rubella virus]]. It is now classified in a new virus family, named as Hepeviridae.
+Although humans are considered the natural host for the [[hepatitis E virus]], [[antibodies]] to the [[hepatitis E virus]] or closely related [[viruses]] have been detected in primates and several other animal species, suggesting [[infection]] by the virus.
+Hepatitis E is a waterborne disease. Contaminated water or food supplies have been implicated in major outbreaks.
 ==References==