Salmonellosis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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The pathogenesis of salmonella varies between different species and depends on the interaction of multiple virulence programs with host defense mechanisms. These interactions occur in different tissues and at various stages of infection leading to variable host morbidity and mortality.<ref name="pmid17146467">{{cite journal| author=Coburn B, Grassl GA, Finlay BB| title=Salmonella, the host and disease: a brief review. | journal=Immunol Cell Biol | year= 2007 | volume= 85 | issue= 2 | pages= 112-8 | pmid=17146467 | doi=10.1038/sj.icb.7100007 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17146467 }} </ref> Salmonella enterica serovar Typhy(S. Typhi) and Salmonella Paratyphi A both cause bacteremia. Non-typhoidal Salmonella(NTS) usually cause self-limiting diarrhea although they may lead to secondary bacteremia. Immunocompromised individuals and infants in sub-Saharan Africa may develop primary NTS bacteremia.<ref name="pmid23055923">{{cite journal| author=de Jong HK, Parry CM, van der Poll T, Wiersinga WJ| title=Host-pathogen interaction in invasive Salmonellosis. | journal=PLoS Pathog | year= 2012 | volume= 8 | issue= 10 | pages= e1002933 | pmid=23055923 | doi=10.1371/journal.ppat.1002933 | pmc=PMC3464234 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23055923 }} </ref> | The pathogenesis of salmonella varies between different species and depends on the interaction of multiple virulence programs with host defense mechanisms. These interactions occur in different tissues and at various stages of infection leading to variable host morbidity and mortality.<ref name="pmid17146467">{{cite journal| author=Coburn B, Grassl GA, Finlay BB| title=Salmonella, the host and disease: a brief review. | journal=Immunol Cell Biol | year= 2007 | volume= 85 | issue= 2 | pages= 112-8 | pmid=17146467 | doi=10.1038/sj.icb.7100007 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17146467 }} </ref> Salmonella enterica serovar Typhy(S. Typhi) and Salmonella Paratyphi A both cause bacteremia. Non-typhoidal Salmonella(NTS) usually cause self-limiting diarrhea although they may lead to secondary bacteremia. Immunocompromised individuals and infants in sub-Saharan Africa may develop primary NTS bacteremia.<ref name="pmid23055923">{{cite journal| author=de Jong HK, Parry CM, van der Poll T, Wiersinga WJ| title=Host-pathogen interaction in invasive Salmonellosis. | journal=PLoS Pathog | year= 2012 | volume= 8 | issue= 10 | pages= e1002933 | pmid=23055923 | doi=10.1371/journal.ppat.1002933 | pmc=PMC3464234 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23055923 }} </ref> | ||
Salmonella live in the [[intestinal tract]]s of humans and other animals, including birds. Salmonella are usually transmitted to humans by eating foods contaminated with animal feces. Contaminated foods usually look and smell normal. Contaminated foods are often of animal origin, such as beef, poultry, milk, or eggs, but all foods, including vegetables may become contaminated. Many raw foods of animal origin are frequently contaminated, but fortunately, thorough cooking kills Salmonella. Food may also become contaminated by the unwashed hands of an infected food handler, who forgot to wash his or her hands with soap after using the bathroom. | Salmonella live in the [[intestinal tract]]s of humans and other animals, including birds. Salmonella are usually transmitted to humans by eating foods contaminated with animal feces. Contaminated foods usually look and smell normal. Contaminated foods are often of animal origin, such as beef, poultry, milk, or eggs, but all foods, including vegetables may become contaminated. Many raw foods of animal origin are frequently contaminated, but fortunately, thorough cooking kills Salmonella. Food may also become contaminated by the unwashed hands of an infected food handler, who forgot to wash his or her hands with soap after using the bathroom. | ||
Salmonella may also be found in the feces of some pets, especially those with diarrhea, and people can become infected if they do not wash their hands after contact with these feces. Reptiles are particularly likely to harbor Salmonella and people should always wash their hands immediately after handling a reptile, even if the reptile is healthy. Adults should also be careful that children wash their hands after handling a reptile. <ref>http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/salmonellosis_g.htm </ref> | Salmonella may also be found in the feces of some pets, especially those with diarrhea, and people can become infected if they do not wash their hands after contact with these feces. Reptiles are particularly likely to harbor Salmonella and people should always wash their hands immediately after handling a reptile, even if the reptile is healthy. Adults should also be careful that children wash their hands after handling a reptile. <ref>http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/salmonellosis_g.htm </ref> | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Pathophysiology
The pathogenesis of salmonella varies between different species and depends on the interaction of multiple virulence programs with host defense mechanisms. These interactions occur in different tissues and at various stages of infection leading to variable host morbidity and mortality.[1] Salmonella enterica serovar Typhy(S. Typhi) and Salmonella Paratyphi A both cause bacteremia. Non-typhoidal Salmonella(NTS) usually cause self-limiting diarrhea although they may lead to secondary bacteremia. Immunocompromised individuals and infants in sub-Saharan Africa may develop primary NTS bacteremia.[2]
Salmonella live in the intestinal tracts of humans and other animals, including birds. Salmonella are usually transmitted to humans by eating foods contaminated with animal feces. Contaminated foods usually look and smell normal. Contaminated foods are often of animal origin, such as beef, poultry, milk, or eggs, but all foods, including vegetables may become contaminated. Many raw foods of animal origin are frequently contaminated, but fortunately, thorough cooking kills Salmonella. Food may also become contaminated by the unwashed hands of an infected food handler, who forgot to wash his or her hands with soap after using the bathroom.
Salmonella may also be found in the feces of some pets, especially those with diarrhea, and people can become infected if they do not wash their hands after contact with these feces. Reptiles are particularly likely to harbor Salmonella and people should always wash their hands immediately after handling a reptile, even if the reptile is healthy. Adults should also be careful that children wash their hands after handling a reptile. [3]
References
- ↑ Coburn B, Grassl GA, Finlay BB (2007). "Salmonella, the host and disease: a brief review". Immunol Cell Biol. 85 (2): 112–8. doi:10.1038/sj.icb.7100007. PMID 17146467.
- ↑ de Jong HK, Parry CM, van der Poll T, Wiersinga WJ (2012). "Host-pathogen interaction in invasive Salmonellosis". PLoS Pathog. 8 (10): e1002933. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1002933. PMC 3464234. PMID 23055923.
- ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/diseaseinfo/salmonellosis_g.htm