Salmonellosis history and symptoms: Difference between revisions
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==History== | ==History== | ||
The initial evaluation of the patient should assess the severity of the disease, the need for [[rehydration]] and a detailed history, to identify the likely cause of the disease.<ref name="pmid14702426">{{cite journal| author=Thielman NM, Guerrant RL| title=Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 1 | pages= 38-47 | pmid=14702426 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp031534 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14702426 }} </ref> A detailed history | The initial evaluation of the patient should assess the severity of the disease, the need for [[rehydration]] and a detailed history, to identify the likely cause of the disease.<ref name="pmid14702426">{{cite journal| author=Thielman NM, Guerrant RL| title=Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 1 | pages= 38-47 | pmid=14702426 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp031534 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14702426 }} </ref> A detailed history particularly of the 72 hours prior to the presentation is essential for diagnosis. Inquiries should be made regarding:<ref name="pmid14702426">{{cite journal| author=Thielman NM, Guerrant RL| title=Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 1 | pages= 38-47 | pmid=14702426 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp031534 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14702426 }} </ref> | ||
*recent travel history, | |||
*presence of similar symptoms among close contacts, | |||
*details of recent meals | |||
*visits to farms or zoos | |||
*contact with pets, rodents, reptiles | |||
*occupation | |||
*medication | |||
*recent antibiotic use | |||
*day-care attendance | |||
If the patient is a child or is unable to communicate, then this information should be obtained from the family member or person accompanying the patient.<ref name="pmid14702426">{{cite journal| author=Thielman NM, Guerrant RL| title=Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 1 | pages= 38-47 | pmid=14702426 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp031534 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14702426 }} </ref><ref name="pmid8815110">{{cite journal| author=Choi SW, Park CH, Silva TM, Zaenker EI, Guerrant RL| title=To culture or not to culture: fecal lactoferrin screening for inflammatory bacterial diarrhea. | journal=J Clin Microbiol | year= 1996 | volume= 34 | issue= 4 | pages= 928-32 | pmid=8815110 | doi= | pmc=PMC228919 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8815110 }} </ref> | |||
==Common Symptoms== | ==Common Symptoms== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jolanta Marszalek, M.D. [2] João André Alves Silva, M.D. [3]
Overview
Patients with Salmonellosis typically present with acute bloody or non-bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and fever.[1] A detailed clinical history should include recent food ingestion, recent travel, and contact with family members and friends with similar symptoms. [2]
History
The initial evaluation of the patient should assess the severity of the disease, the need for rehydration and a detailed history, to identify the likely cause of the disease.[2] A detailed history particularly of the 72 hours prior to the presentation is essential for diagnosis. Inquiries should be made regarding:[2]
- recent travel history,
- presence of similar symptoms among close contacts,
- details of recent meals
- visits to farms or zoos
- contact with pets, rodents, reptiles
- occupation
- medication
- recent antibiotic use
- day-care attendance
If the patient is a child or is unable to communicate, then this information should be obtained from the family member or person accompanying the patient.[2][3]
Common Symptoms
Symptoms of salmonellosis are often indistinguishable from those caused by other pathogens. Symptoms usually have an acute onset and include:[1]
- Fever
- Abdominal pain that is usually cramping in nature
- Diarrhea that may present with nonbloody or bloody stool
- Nausea
- Vomiting
In children, infection is associated with longer duration as well as increased frequency of bloody diarrhea.[1]
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Coburn B, Grassl GA, Finlay BB (2007). "Salmonella, the host and disease: a brief review". Immunol Cell Biol. 85 (2): 112–8. doi:10.1038/sj.icb.7100007. PMID 17146467.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Thielman NM, Guerrant RL (2004). "Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea". N Engl J Med. 350 (1): 38–47. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp031534. PMID 14702426.
- ↑ Choi SW, Park CH, Silva TM, Zaenker EI, Guerrant RL (1996). "To culture or not to culture: fecal lactoferrin screening for inflammatory bacterial diarrhea". J Clin Microbiol. 34 (4): 928–32. PMC 228919. PMID 8815110.