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==Differential Diagnosis of Infectious Diarrhea==
==Differential Diagnosis of Infectious Diarrhea==
Salmonellosis should be differentiated from other pathogens that lead to acute inflammatory diarrhea. The table below lists the underlying pathogens known to cause acute inflammatory diarrhea:<ref name="pmid14702426">{{cite journal| author=Thielman NM, Guerrant RL| title=Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2004 | volume= 350 | issue= 1 | pages= 38-47 | pmid=14702426 | doi=10.1056/NEJMcp031534 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=14702426  }} </ref><ref name="pmid15537721">{{cite journal| author=Khan AM, Faruque AS, Hossain MS, Sattar S, Fuchs GJ, Salam MA| title=Plesiomonas shigelloides-associated diarrhoea in Bangladeshi children: a hospital-based surveillance study. | journal=J Trop Pediatr | year= 2004 | volume= 50 | issue= 6 | pages= 354-6 | pmid=15537721 | doi=10.1093/tropej/50.6.354 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15537721  }} </ref>


==Table==
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align=center
! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=2 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Pathogen}}
|+
! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" rowspan=2  | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Transmission}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 120px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Disease}}
! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" colspan=4 | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Clinical Manifestations}}
! style="background: #4479BA; width: 550px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Findings}}
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | ''''''
! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Fever}}
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |  
! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Nausea/Vomiting}}
! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Abdominal Pain}}
! style="background: #4479BA; padding: 5px 5px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFFFFF|Bloody Stool}}
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | ''''''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" | ''[[Salmonella]]''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Foodborne transmission, community-acquired
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ++
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ++
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |''''''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" | ''[[Shigella]]''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Community-acquired, person-to-person
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ++
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ++
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ++
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | ''''''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" | ''[[Campylobacter]]''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Community-acquired, ingestion of undercooked poultry
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ++
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ++
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | ''''''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" | [[Escherichia coli|''E. coli'' (EHEC or EIEC)]]
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Foodborne transmission, ingestion of undercooked hamburger meat
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ±
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ++
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ++
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | ''''''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" | ''[[Clostridium difficile]]''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Nosocomial spread, antibiotic use
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ±
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | ''''''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" | ''[[Yersinia]]''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Community-aquired, foodborne transmission
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ++
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ++
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | ''''''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" | ''[[Entamoeba histolytica]]''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |  
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Travel to or emigration from tropical regions
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ±
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ±
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | ''''''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" | ''[[Aeromonas]]''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Ingestion of contaminated water
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ++
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | ''''''
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |  
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ++
|-
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | ''''''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | ''''''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |
|-
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC; font-weight: bold;" | ''[[Plesiomonas]]''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Ingestion of contaminated water or undercooked shellfish, travel to tropical regions
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ±
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | ++
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
! style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | +
|}
|}

Revision as of 22:13, 22 August 2014

Differential Diagnosis of Infectious Diarrhea

Salmonellosis should be differentiated from other pathogens that lead to acute inflammatory diarrhea. The table below lists the underlying pathogens known to cause acute inflammatory diarrhea:[1][2]

Pathogen Transmission Clinical Manifestations
Fever Nausea/Vomiting Abdominal Pain Bloody Stool
Salmonella Foodborne transmission, community-acquired ++ + ++ +
Shigella Community-acquired, person-to-person ++ ++ ++ +
Campylobacter Community-acquired, ingestion of undercooked poultry ++ + ++ +
E. coli (EHEC or EIEC) Foodborne transmission, ingestion of undercooked hamburger meat ± + ++ ++
Clostridium difficile Nosocomial spread, antibiotic use + ± + +
Yersinia Community-aquired, foodborne transmission ++ + ++ +
Entamoeba histolytica Travel to or emigration from tropical regions + ± + ±
Aeromonas Ingestion of contaminated water ++ + ++ +
Plesiomonas Ingestion of contaminated water or undercooked shellfish, travel to tropical regions ± ++ + +
  1. ↑ Thielman NM, Guerrant RL (2004). "Clinical practice. Acute infectious diarrhea". N Engl J Med. 350 (1): 38–47. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp031534. PMID 14702426.
  2. ↑ Khan AM, Faruque AS, Hossain MS, Sattar S, Fuchs GJ, Salam MA (2004). "Plesiomonas shigelloides-associated diarrhoea in Bangladeshi children: a hospital-based surveillance study". J Trop Pediatr. 50 (6): 354–6. doi:10.1093/tropej/50.6.354. PMID 15537721.
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