Hepatitis E causes: Difference between revisions

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:*[[RNA]]-dependent [[RNA]] [[polymerase]]
:*[[RNA]]-dependent [[RNA]] [[polymerase]]
*ORF2 - encodes de protein of the [[viral capsid]], responsible for:
*ORF2 - encodes de protein of the [[viral capsid]], responsible for:
:*Viral assembly<ref name="pmid9311793">{{cite journal| author=Li TC, Yamakawa Y, Suzuki K, Tatsumi M, Razak MA, Uchida T et al.| title=Expression and self-assembly of empty virus-like particles of hepatitis E virus. | journal=J Virol | year= 1997 | volume= 71 | issue= 10 | pages= 7207-13 | pmid=9311793 | doi= | pmc=PMC192060 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9311793  }} </ref>
:*Assembly of [[virions]]<ref name="pmid9311793">{{cite journal| author=Li TC, Yamakawa Y, Suzuki K, Tatsumi M, Razak MA, Uchida T et al.| title=Expression and self-assembly of empty virus-like particles of hepatitis E virus. | journal=J Virol | year= 1997 | volume= 71 | issue= 10 | pages= 7207-13 | pmid=9311793 | doi= | pmc=PMC192060 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9311793  }} </ref>
:*Target cell interaction<ref name="pmid19812150">{{cite journal| author=Kalia M, Chandra V, Rahman SA, Sehgal D, Jameel S| title=Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are required for cellular binding of the hepatitis E virus ORF2 capsid protein and for viral infection. | journal=J Virol | year= 2009 | volume= 83 | issue= 24 | pages= 12714-24 | pmid=19812150 | doi=10.1128/JVI.00717-09 | pmc=PMC2786843 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19812150  }} </ref>
:*Target cell interaction<ref name="pmid19812150">{{cite journal| author=Kalia M, Chandra V, Rahman SA, Sehgal D, Jameel S| title=Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are required for cellular binding of the hepatitis E virus ORF2 capsid protein and for viral infection. | journal=J Virol | year= 2009 | volume= 83 | issue= 24 | pages= 12714-24 | pmid=19812150 | doi=10.1128/JVI.00717-09 | pmc=PMC2786843 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19812150  }} </ref>
:*Immunogenicity<ref name="pmid21068233">{{cite journal| author=Xing L, Wang JC, Li TC, Yasutomi Y, Lara J, Khudyakov Y et al.| title=Spatial configuration of hepatitis E virus antigenic domain. | journal=J Virol | year= 2011 | volume= 85 | issue= 2 | pages= 1117-24 | pmid=21068233 | doi=10.1128/JVI.00657-10 | pmc=PMC3020005 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21068233  }} </ref>
:*[[Immunogenicity]]<ref name="pmid21068233">{{cite journal| author=Xing L, Wang JC, Li TC, Yasutomi Y, Lara J, Khudyakov Y et al.| title=Spatial configuration of hepatitis E virus antigenic domain. | journal=J Virol | year= 2011 | volume= 85 | issue= 2 | pages= 1117-24 | pmid=21068233 | doi=10.1128/JVI.00657-10 | pmc=PMC3020005 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21068233  }} </ref>
*ORF3 - encodes a small protein involved in the [[morphogenesis]] and release of the [[virion]]s.<ref name="pmid19339479">{{cite journal| author=Yamada K, Takahashi M, Hoshino Y, Takahashi H, Ichiyama K, Nagashima S et al.| title=ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus is essential for virion release from infected cells. | journal=J Gen Virol | year= 2009 | volume= 90 | issue= Pt 8 | pages= 1880-91 | pmid=19339479 | doi=10.1099/vir.0.010561-0 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19339479  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20610720">{{cite journal| author=Emerson SU, Nguyen HT, Torian U, Burke D, Engle R, Purcell RH| title=Release of genotype 1 hepatitis E virus from cultured hepatoma and polarized intestinal cells depends on open reading frame 3 protein and requires an intact PXXP motif. | journal=J Virol | year= 2010 | volume= 84 | issue= 18 | pages= 9059-69 | pmid=20610720 | doi=10.1128/JVI.00593-10 | pmc=PMC2937629 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20610720  }} </ref>
*ORF3 - encodes a small protein involved in the [[morphogenesis]] and release of the [[virion]]s.<ref name="pmid19339479">{{cite journal| author=Yamada K, Takahashi M, Hoshino Y, Takahashi H, Ichiyama K, Nagashima S et al.| title=ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus is essential for virion release from infected cells. | journal=J Gen Virol | year= 2009 | volume= 90 | issue= Pt 8 | pages= 1880-91 | pmid=19339479 | doi=10.1099/vir.0.010561-0 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19339479  }} </ref><ref name="pmid20610720">{{cite journal| author=Emerson SU, Nguyen HT, Torian U, Burke D, Engle R, Purcell RH| title=Release of genotype 1 hepatitis E virus from cultured hepatoma and polarized intestinal cells depends on open reading frame 3 protein and requires an intact PXXP motif. | journal=J Virol | year= 2010 | volume= 84 | issue= 18 | pages= 9059-69 | pmid=20610720 | doi=10.1128/JVI.00593-10 | pmc=PMC2937629 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20610720  }} </ref>


Revision as of 21:44, 26 August 2014

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: João André Alves Silva, M.D. [2]

Overview

Taxonomy

Viruses; ssRNA viruses; ssRNA positive-strand viruses; Hepeviridae; Hepevirus; Hepatitis E virus[1]

Biology

Hepatitis E virus Courtesy: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention[2]

The viral particles are 27 to 34 nanometers in diameter, are non-enveloped and contain a single-strand of positive-sense RNA that is approximately 7200 bases in length, polyadenylated at the 3' terminus, and capped at the 5'terminus.[3][4][5]

The genome of HEV contains 3 Open Reading Frames:

  • ORF1 - encodes functional motifs and non-structural protein domains, including:[3]
  • ORF2 - encodes de protein of the viral capsid, responsible for:

Life Cycle

Genotypes

Tropism

Natural Reservoir

The natural reservoir of HEV is yet to be identified. Different observations have suggested different reservoirs:

  • Prolonged fecal shedding from patients with history of the disease has been suggested. However, the duration of viral shedding in feces is not compatible with this hypothesis.[11]
  • Environmental reservoir was suggested following detection of HEV in sewages.[12]
  • Continuous fecal shedding from asymptomatic patients was suggested as a form of maintenance of the virus, contaminating water supplies.[13]
  • The existence of an animal reservoir is supported by the detection of anti-HEV antibodies in different species.[13]

References

  1. ↑ "Hepatitis E virus taxonomy".
  2. ↑ "http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/details.asp". External link in |title= (help)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Kamar N, Bendall R, Legrand-Abravanel F, Xia NS, Ijaz S, Izopet J; et al. (2012). "Hepatitis E." Lancet. 379 (9835): 2477–88. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)61849-7. PMID 22549046.
  4. ↑ Reyes GR, Purdy MA, Kim JP, Luk KC, Young LM, Fry KE; et al. (1990). "Isolation of a cDNA from the virus responsible for enterically transmitted non-A, non-B hepatitis". Science. 247 (4948): 1335–9. PMID 2107574.
  5. ↑ Tam AW, Smith MM, Guerra ME, Huang CC, Bradley DW, Fry KE; et al. (1991). "Hepatitis E virus (HEV): molecular cloning and sequencing of the full-length viral genome". Virology. 185 (1): 120–31. PMID 1926770.
  6. ↑ Li TC, Yamakawa Y, Suzuki K, Tatsumi M, Razak MA, Uchida T; et al. (1997). "Expression and self-assembly of empty virus-like particles of hepatitis E virus". J Virol. 71 (10): 7207–13. PMC 192060. PMID 9311793.
  7. ↑ Kalia M, Chandra V, Rahman SA, Sehgal D, Jameel S (2009). "Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are required for cellular binding of the hepatitis E virus ORF2 capsid protein and for viral infection". J Virol. 83 (24): 12714–24. doi:10.1128/JVI.00717-09. PMC 2786843. PMID 19812150.
  8. ↑ Xing L, Wang JC, Li TC, Yasutomi Y, Lara J, Khudyakov Y; et al. (2011). "Spatial configuration of hepatitis E virus antigenic domain". J Virol. 85 (2): 1117–24. doi:10.1128/JVI.00657-10. PMC 3020005. PMID 21068233.
  9. ↑ Yamada K, Takahashi M, Hoshino Y, Takahashi H, Ichiyama K, Nagashima S; et al. (2009). "ORF3 protein of hepatitis E virus is essential for virion release from infected cells". J Gen Virol. 90 (Pt 8): 1880–91. doi:10.1099/vir.0.010561-0. PMID 19339479.
  10. ↑ Emerson SU, Nguyen HT, Torian U, Burke D, Engle R, Purcell RH (2010). "Release of genotype 1 hepatitis E virus from cultured hepatoma and polarized intestinal cells depends on open reading frame 3 protein and requires an intact PXXP motif". J Virol. 84 (18): 9059–69. doi:10.1128/JVI.00593-10. PMC 2937629. PMID 20610720.
  11. ↑ Aggarwal R, Kini D, Sofat S, Naik SR, Krawczynski K (2000). "Duration of viraemia and faecal viral excretion in acute hepatitis E." Lancet. 356 (9235): 1081–2. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)02737-9. PMID 11009149.
  12. ↑ Ippagunta SK, Naik S, Sharma B, Aggarwal R (2007). "Presence of hepatitis E virus in sewage in Northern India: frequency and seasonal pattern". J Med Virol. 79 (12): 1827–31. doi:10.1002/jmv.21017. PMID 17935174.
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Aggarwal R, Jameel S (2011). "Hepatitis E." Hepatology. 54 (6): 2218–26. doi:10.1002/hep.24674. PMID 21932388.
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