West nile virus causes: Difference between revisions
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==Biology== | ==Biology== | ||
West Nile virus has an icosahedral symmetry, with a smooth surface.<ref name="Mukhopadhyay2003">{{cite journal|last1=Mukhopadhyay|first1=S.|title=Structure of West Nile Virus|journal=Science|volume=302|issue=5643|year=2003|pages=248–248|issn=0036-8075|doi=10.1126/science.1089316}}</ref> | |||
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The outer most layer contains the viral envelope and membrane proteins embedded in a lipid bilayer, forming the envelope of the virion. Inside the envelope is the nucleocapsid core, which consists of multiple copies of the capsid protein and genomic RNA. The West Nile virus genome is a single- strandedRNAofplus-sensepolarity(ie,mRNA).Theviral genome is about 11 000 bp in length, consisting of a 5 ́untranslatedregion(UTR),asinglelongopenreading frame, and a 3 ́untranslated region. The open reading frame encodes a polyprotein that is processed by viral and cellular proteases during and after translation into three structural proteins (C, premembrane or membrane, and envelope) and seven non-structural proteins (NS1, NS2A, NS2B, NS3, NS4A, NS4B, and NS5). Structural proteins are mainly involved in viral particle formation, whereas non-structural proteins function in viral replication, virion assembly, and evasion of host innate immune response. | |||
West Nile virus is 1 of more than 70 viruses of the family Flaviviridae of the genus Flavivirus. Serologically, West Nile virus is a member of the Japanese encephalitis serocomplex, which includes Japanese en- cephalitis virus and an endemic North American flavivirus, St Louis encephalitis virus. West Nile viruses can be designated into at least 5 phylogenetic lineages.15 Only lineage 1 and 2 West Nile viruses have been associated with significant outbreaks in humans. | West Nile virus is 1 of more than 70 viruses of the family Flaviviridae of the genus Flavivirus. Serologically, West Nile virus is a member of the Japanese encephalitis serocomplex, which includes Japanese en- cephalitis virus and an endemic North American flavivirus, St Louis encephalitis virus. West Nile viruses can be designated into at least 5 phylogenetic lineages.15 Only lineage 1 and 2 West Nile viruses have been associated with significant outbreaks in humans. | ||
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==Structure== | ==Structure== | ||
Revision as of 14:05, 11 September 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Taxonomy
Viruses; ssRNA viruses; ssRNA positive-strand viruses, no DNA stage; Flaviviridae; Flavivirus; Japanese encephalitis virus group[1]
Biology
West Nile virus has an icosahedral symmetry, with a smooth surface.[2]
Structure
Tropism
Natural Reservoir
Natural reservoirs of the West Nile virus include:[3]
- Humans
- 65 different species of mosquitos
- 326 species of birds
References
- ↑ "West Nile Virus".
- ↑ Mukhopadhyay, S. (2003). "Structure of West Nile Virus". Science. 302 (5643): 248–248. doi:10.1126/science.1089316. ISSN 0036-8075.
- ↑ Petersen LR, Brault AC, Nasci RS (2013). "West Nile virus: review of the literature". JAMA. 310 (3): 308–15. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.8042. PMID 23860989.