West nile virus epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Neuroinvasive Disease Incidence by State 2014== | ==Neuroinvasive Disease Incidence by State 2014== | ||
Due to the fact that infection with the WNV is often asymptomatic, the best approach to monitor incidence trends of the disease caused by the virus is by assessing the incidence of neuroinvasive disease, since its reporting is often adequate.<ref name="MayDavis2010">{{cite journal|last1=May|first1=F. J.|last2=Davis|first2=C. T.|last3=Tesh|first3=R. B.|last4=Barrett|first4=A. D. T.|title=Phylogeography of West Nile Virus: from the Cradle of Evolution in Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas|journal=Journal of Virology|volume=85|issue=6|year=2010|pages=2964–2974|issn=0022-538X|doi=10.1128/JVI.01963-10}}</ref> Despite this, during an outbreak, only 40% of the cases who presented with compatible meningitis or encephalitis were tested for infection with the virus.<ref name="pmid22123531">{{cite journal| author=Weber IB, Lindsey NP, Bunko-Patterson AM, Briggs G, Wadleigh TJ, Sylvester TL et al.| title=Completeness of West Nile virus testing in patients with meningitis and encephalitis during an outbreak in Arizona, USA. | journal=Epidemiol Infect | year= 2012 | volume= 140 | issue= 9 | pages= 1632-6 | pmid=22123531 | doi=10.1017/S0950268811002494 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22123531 }} </ref> | Due to the fact that infection with the WNV is often asymptomatic, the best approach to monitor incidence trends of the disease caused by the virus is by assessing the incidence of neuroinvasive disease, since its reporting is often adequate.<ref name="MayDavis2010">{{cite journal|last1=May|first1=F. J.|last2=Davis|first2=C. T.|last3=Tesh|first3=R. B.|last4=Barrett|first4=A. D. T.|title=Phylogeography of West Nile Virus: from the Cradle of Evolution in Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas|journal=Journal of Virology|volume=85|issue=6|year=2010|pages=2964–2974|issn=0022-538X|doi=10.1128/JVI.01963-10}}</ref> Despite this, during an outbreak, only 40% of the cases who presented with compatible meningitis or encephalitis were tested for infection with the virus.<ref name="pmid22123531">{{cite journal| author=Weber IB, Lindsey NP, Bunko-Patterson AM, Briggs G, Wadleigh TJ, Sylvester TL et al.| title=Completeness of West Nile virus testing in patients with meningitis and encephalitis during an outbreak in Arizona, USA. | journal=Epidemiol Infect | year= 2012 | volume= 140 | issue= 9 | pages= 1632-6 | pmid=22123531 | doi=10.1017/S0950268811002494 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22123531 }} </ref> Between 1999 and 2012, 16 196 cases of neuroinvasive disease by WNV, and 1549 fatalities were reported in the United Stated. Although the number varies across the years, some areas of the US are more affected by this form of the disease.<ref name="pmid20360671">{{cite journal| author=Lindsey NP, Staples JE, Lehman JA, Fischer M, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)| title=Surveillance for human West Nile virus disease - United States, 1999-2008. | journal=MMWR Surveill Summ | year= 2010 | volume= 59 | issue= 2 | pages= 1-17 | pmid=20360671 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20360671 }} </ref> | ||
[[Image:West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease Incidence by State.png|center|500px|thumb|Average annual incidence of West Nile Virus neuroinvasive disease 1999-2012<SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.cdc.gov - Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)]''<ref name="CDC">{{Cite web | title = Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | url = http://www.cdc.gov}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>]] | [[Image:West Nile Virus Neuroinvasive Disease Incidence by State.png|center|500px|thumb|Average annual incidence of West Nile Virus neuroinvasive disease 1999-2012<SMALL><SMALL>''[http://www.cdc.gov - Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)]''<ref name="CDC">{{Cite web | title = Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | url = http://www.cdc.gov}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>]] | ||
Revision as of 01:11, 12 September 2014
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Michael Maddaleni, B.S.
Overview
Incidence and Prevalence
West Nile virus is widely distributed across Australia, Middle East, Western Russia, Southwestern Asia, Africa and Southern Europe. Since 1999, a series of outbreaks, with virus likely of African origin, have increased the incidence of the disease across the previous countries.[1]
Across the western hemisphere, the virus was discovered in 1999 in new York City. The WNV then spread across the continent to the East cost of the US in 4 years, and to Argentina in 6 years.[2][3]
Age
Gender
Geographical Distribution
US Disease Cases by State 2014
West Nile Virus by State 2014
Neuroinvasive Disease Incidence by State 2014
Due to the fact that infection with the WNV is often asymptomatic, the best approach to monitor incidence trends of the disease caused by the virus is by assessing the incidence of neuroinvasive disease, since its reporting is often adequate.[1] Despite this, during an outbreak, only 40% of the cases who presented with compatible meningitis or encephalitis were tested for infection with the virus.[5] Between 1999 and 2012, 16 196 cases of neuroinvasive disease by WNV, and 1549 fatalities were reported in the United Stated. Although the number varies across the years, some areas of the US are more affected by this form of the disease.[2]
Neuroinvasive Disease Archives
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 May, F. J.; Davis, C. T.; Tesh, R. B.; Barrett, A. D. T. (2010). "Phylogeography of West Nile Virus: from the Cradle of Evolution in Africa to Eurasia, Australia, and the Americas". Journal of Virology. 85 (6): 2964–2974. doi:10.1128/JVI.01963-10. ISSN 0022-538X.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Lindsey NP, Staples JE, Lehman JA, Fischer M, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2010). "Surveillance for human West Nile virus disease - United States, 1999-2008". MMWR Surveill Summ. 59 (2): 1–17. PMID 20360671.
- ↑ Petersen LR, Hayes EB (2008). "West Nile virus in the Americas". Med Clin North Am. 92 (6): 1307–22, ix. PMID 19145778.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 "Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)".
- ↑ Weber IB, Lindsey NP, Bunko-Patterson AM, Briggs G, Wadleigh TJ, Sylvester TL; et al. (2012). "Completeness of West Nile virus testing in patients with meningitis and encephalitis during an outbreak in Arizona, USA". Epidemiol Infect. 140 (9): 1632–6. doi:10.1017/S0950268811002494. PMID 22123531.