Tuberculosis secondary prevention: Difference between revisions
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===Early Diagnosis=== | ===Early Diagnosis=== | ||
*Early detection of tuberculosis disease is important to give treatment at the appropriate time and prevent complications. | *Early detection of tuberculosis disease is important to give treatment at the appropriate time and prevent complications. | ||
*Patients with the following characteristics should be tested for tuberculosis: | *All patients should be routinely asked about: | ||
:* History of TB exposure, infection, or disease | |||
:* Symptoms or signs of TB disease | |||
:* Medical conditions that increase their risk for TB disease | |||
*Patients with the following characteristics should be tested for tuberculosis:<ref name="CDC Guidelines"> {{cite web| url=http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5417a1.htm?s_cid=rr5417a1_e | title=CDC Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Health-Care Settings, 2005}} </ref> | |||
:* [[Cough]] for ≥3 weeks | |||
:* [[Loss of appetite]] | |||
:* Unexplained [[weight loss]] | |||
:* [[Night sweats]] | |||
:* [[Hemoptysis]] | |||
:* [[Hoarseness]] | |||
:* [[Fever]] | |||
:* [[Fatigue]] | |||
:* [[Chest pain]] | |||
:* Patient from an endemic area of TB | |||
===Prompt Treatment=== | ===Prompt Treatment=== | ||
Revision as of 20:10, 24 September 2014
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Tuberculosis secondary prevention On the Web |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Tuberculosis secondary prevention |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Secondary prevention for tuberculosis includes methods to achieve an early diagnosis, such as tuberculin skin test (TST) and IFGA; and to guarantee the correct treatment regimen at the right time to prevent disease progression.
Secondary Prevention
Screening
Tuberculin Skin Test
- Children with close contact with a TB confirmed case should be evaluated for tuberculosis infection.
- TST is the test of choice for screening for tuberculosis infection.
Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs)
- IGRAs can be used in place of (but not in addition to) TST in screening for M. tuberculosis infection.
- IGRAs are used in screening patients with the following conditions:
- Have received BCG vaccination
- Groups that historically have poor rates of return for TST reading.
Early Diagnosis
- Early detection of tuberculosis disease is important to give treatment at the appropriate time and prevent complications.
- All patients should be routinely asked about:
- History of TB exposure, infection, or disease
- Symptoms or signs of TB disease
- Medical conditions that increase their risk for TB disease
- Patients with the following characteristics should be tested for tuberculosis:[1]
- Cough for ≥3 weeks
- Loss of appetite
- Unexplained weight loss
- Night sweats
- Hemoptysis
- Hoarseness
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Chest pain
- Patient from an endemic area of TB
Prompt Treatment
- Empiric therapy should be started as soon as a patient has tuberculosis disease confirmed.
- Sputum specimens should be sent for culture and DST before starting treatment.