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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Psychosis}} | | {{Psychosis}} |
| {{CMG}} | | {{CMG}} ;{{AE}} {{KS}} |
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| | ==Overview== |
| | Psychosis must be differentiated from other diseases such as cushing's syndrome, brain tumor,delusional disorder and personality disorders. |
| ==Differential Diagnosis== | | ==Differential Diagnosis== |
| * [[Apparitional experience]] | | *Depressive and bipolar disorders |
| * [[Delusional disorder]] | | *Medical conditions |
| * [[Monothematic delusions]] | | :*Cushing's syndrome |
| * [[Jerusalem syndrome]] | | :*Brain tumor |
| * [[Clinical Lycanthropy]] | | *Malingering and factitious disorders |
| * [[Soteria]] | | *Other psychotic disorders |
| * [[Hallucinations in the sane]] | | :*Schizophreniform disorder |
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| According to the [[Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders|DSM]], psychosis can be a [[symptom]] of mental illness, but it is not a mental illness in its own right. For example, people with [[schizophrenia]] often experience psychosis, but so can people with [[bipolar disorder]] (manic depression), [[Clinical depression|unipolar depression]], [[delirium]], or drug [[withdrawal]].<ref>American Psychiatric Association. ''Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edition - Text Revision'' (Published by the American Psychiatric Association, 2000).</ref><ref name=Tsuang_et_al_2000> {{cite journal | last = Tsuang | first = Ming T. | authorlink = | coauthors = William S. Stone, Stephen V. Faraone | year = 2000 | month = July | title = Toward Reformulating the Diagnosis of Schizophrenia | journal = American Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 157| issue = 7 | pages = 1041-1050 | url = http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/157/7/1041 | id = {{PMID|10873908}} | accessdate = 2006-08-19 }}</ref> People diagnosed with these conditions can also have long periods ''without'' psychosis. Conversely, psychosis can occur in people who do not have chronic mental illness (e.g. due to an adverse drug reaction or extreme stress).<ref name=Jaunch_1988>{{cite journal | last = Jauch | first = D. A. | coauthors = William T. Carpenter, Jr. | year = 1988 | month = February | title = Reactive psychosis. I. Does the pre-DSM-III concept define a third psychosis? | journal = Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease | volume = 176 | issue = 2 | pages = 72-81 | id = {{PMID|3276813}}}}</ref>
| | :*Delusional disorder |
| | | :*depressive disorder with psychotic features |
| Psychosis should be distinguished from [[insanity]], which is a legal term denoting that a person is not criminally responsible for his or her actions.<ref>Jacobson J.L. and A.M. Jacobson, eds. ''Psychiatric Secrets'' (Philadelphia: Hanley and Belfus, 2001)</ref>
| | :*Bipolar disorder with psychotic features |
| | | *Personality disorders |
| Psychosis should be distinguished from [[psychopathy]], a [[personality disorder]] associated with violence, lack of [[empathy]] and socially manipulative behavior.<ref name=hare1>Hare, R. D. [http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/p960239.html Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Case of Diagnostic Confusion, Psychiatric Times, February 1996, XIII, Issue 2] Accessed [[June 26]], [[2006]]</ref> Despite both being colloquially abbreviated "psycho", psychosis bears little similarity to the core features of psychopathy, particularly with regard to violence, which rarely occurs in psychosis,<ref name=Milton_et_al_2001>{{cite journal | last = Milton | first = John | coauthors = Shazad Amin, Swaran P. Singh, Glynn Harrison, Peter Jones, Tim Croudace, Ian Medley, and John Brewin | year = 2001 | month = May | title = Aggressive incidents in first-episode psychosis | journal = British Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 178 | pages = 433-440 | id = {{PMID|11331559}} | url = http://bjp.rcpsych.org/cgi/content/full/178/5/433 | accessdate = 2006-10-21}}</ref><ref name=Foley_et_al_2005>{{cite journal | last = Foley | first = Sharon R. | coauthors = Brendan D. Kelly, Mary Clarke, Orfhlaith McTigue, Maurice Gervin, Moyyad Kamali, Conall Larkin, Eadbhard O'Callaghan, and Stephen Browne | date = [[January 1]], [[2005]] | title = Incidence and clinical correlates of aggression and violence at presentation in patients with first episode psychosis | journal = Schizophrenia Research | volume = 72 | issue = 2-3 | pages = 161-168 | doi = 10.1016/j.schres.2004.03.010 | id = {{PMID|15560961}} | url = http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?itool=pubmed_Abstract&cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&list_uids=15560961&dopt=ExternalLink | accessdate = 2006-10-21}}</ref> and distorted perception of reality, which rarely occurs in psychopathy.<ref name=Nestor_et_al_2002>{{cite journal | last = Nestor | first = Paul G. | coauthors = Matthew Kimble, Ileana Berman, and Joel Haycock | year = 2002 | month = January | title = Psychosis, Psychopathy, and Homicide: A Preliminary Neuropsychological Inquiry | journal = American Journal of Psychiatry | volume = 159 | issue = 1 | pages = 138-140 | id = {{PMID|11772704}} | url = http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/159/1/138 | accessdate = 2006-10-21}}</ref>
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| Psychosis should also be distinguished from [[delirium]]. A psychotic individual may be able to perform actions that require a high level of intellectual effort in clear consciousness, whereas a delirious individual will have impaired memory and cognitive function.
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| | *Substance-related disorders |
| ==References== | | ==References== |
| {{Reflist|2}} | | {{Reflist|2}} |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ;Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Kiran Singh, M.D. [2]
Overview
Psychosis must be differentiated from other diseases such as cushing's syndrome, brain tumor,delusional disorder and personality disorders.
Differential Diagnosis
- Depressive and bipolar disorders
- Medical conditions
- Cushing's syndrome
- Brain tumor
- Malingering and factitious disorders
- Other psychotic disorders
- Schizophreniform disorder
- Delusional disorder
- depressive disorder with psychotic features
- Bipolar disorder with psychotic features
- Substance-related disorders
References
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