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==Epidemiology==


==Epidemiology==
===Prevalence===
Schizophrenia occurs equally in males and females although typically appears earlier in men with the peak ages of onset being 20–28 years for males and 26–32 years for females. Much rarer are instances of childhood-onset<ref name="Kumra_et_al_2001">Kumra S, Shaw M, Merka P, Nakayama E, Augustin R. (2001) Childhood-onset schizophrenia: research update. ''Canadian Journal of Psychiatry'', 46 (10), 923–30.</ref> and late- (middle age) or very-late-onset (old age) schizophrenia.<ref name="Howard_2005">Hassett A, Ames D, Chiu E (eds) (2005) Psychosis in the Elderly. London: Taylor and Francis. ISBN 18418439446</ref> The [[lifetime prevalence]] of schizophrenia, that is, the proportion of individuals expected to experience the disease at any time in their lives, is commonly given at 1%. A 2002 [[systematic review]] of many studies, however, found a lifetime prevalence of 0.55%. Despite the received wisdom that schizophrenia occurs at similar rates throughout the world, its prevalence varies across the world,<ref name="Jablensky_et_al_1992">Jablensky A, Sartorius N, Ernberg G, et al. (1992) Schizophrenia: manifestations, incidence and course in different cultures. A World Health Organization ten-country study. ''Psychological Medicine Monograph Supplement'', 20, 1–97. PMID 1565705</ref> within countries,<ref name="Kirkbride_et_al_2006">Kirkbride JB, Fearon P, Morgan C, et al. (2006) Heterogeneity in incidence rates of schizophrenia and other psychotic syndromes: findings From the 3-center ÆSOP study. ''Archives of General Psychiatry'', 63, 250–258. PMID 16520429</ref> and at the local and neighbourhood level.<ref name="Kirkbride_et_al_2007">Kirkbride JB, Fearon P, Morgan C, Dazzan P, Morgan K, Murray RM, Jones PB. (2007) Neighbourhood variation in the incidence of psychotic disorders in Southeast London. ''Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology'', 42(6), 438-45. PMID 17473901</ref> One particularly stable and replicable finding has been the association between living in an urban environment and schizophrenia diagnosis, even after factors such as drug use, ethnic group and size of social group have been controlled for.<ref name="fn_19">Van Os J. (2004). Does the urban environment cause psychosis? ''British Journal of Psychiatry'', 184 (4), 287&ndash;288. PMID 15056569</ref> Schizophrenia is known to be a major cause of [[disability]]. In a 1999 study of 14 countries, active [[psychosis]] was ranked the third-most-disabling condition, after [[quadriplegia]] and [[dementia]] and before [[paraplegia]] and [[blindness]].<ref name="fn_35">Ustun TB, Rehm J, Chatterji S, Saxena S, Trotter R, Room R, Bickenbach J, and the WHO/NIH Joint Project CAR Study Group (1999). Multiple-informant ranking of the disabling effects of different health conditions in 14 countries. ''[[The Lancet]]'', 354(9173), 111&ndash;115. PMID 10408486</ref>
The prevalence of [[schizophrenia]] is 300 to 700 per 100,000 (0.3%-0.7%) of the overall population.<ref name=DSMV>{{cite book | title = Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5 | publisher = American Psychiatric Association | location = Washington, D.C | year = 2013 | isbn = 0890425558 }}</ref>. Although there is reported variation by race/ethnicity, across countries, and by geographic origin for immigrants and children of immigrants. The sex ratio differs across samples and populations: for example, an emphasis on negative symptoms and longer duration of disorder (associated with poorer outcome) shows higher incidence rates for males, whereas definitions allowing for the inclusion of more mood symptoms and brief presentations (associated with better outcome) show equivalent risks for both sexes.


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{Reflist|2}}


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Revision as of 20:59, 14 October 2014

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [2]

Epidemiology

Prevalence

The prevalence of schizophrenia is 300 to 700 per 100,000 (0.3%-0.7%) of the overall population.[1]. Although there is reported variation by race/ethnicity, across countries, and by geographic origin for immigrants and children of immigrants. The sex ratio differs across samples and populations: for example, an emphasis on negative symptoms and longer duration of disorder (associated with poorer outcome) shows higher incidence rates for males, whereas definitions allowing for the inclusion of more mood symptoms and brief presentations (associated with better outcome) show equivalent risks for both sexes.

References

  1. ↑ Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. Washington, D.C: American Psychiatric Association. 2013. ISBN 0890425558.
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