Sinus arrhythmia: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 18:57, 23 October 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Rim Halaby, M.D. [2]; Mahmoud Sakr, M.D. [3]

Overview

Sinus arrhythmia is an irregularity of a sinus rhythm. It is the most common type of arrhythmia and is considered to be a normal variant. It is more common in the young, especially with slower heart rates or after enhanced vagal tone.^[1] It also decreases with age or with autonomic dysfunction.^[2] The formal definition of sinus arrhythmia is a variation in the P-P interval by 0.12 sec (120 msec) or more in the presence of normal P waves.

Classification

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia

Non-respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia

In this type, the variation in the P-P interval is unrelated to the respiratory cycle. It can occur in the normal heart, the diseased heart or a side effect of some medications.

Ventriculophasic Sinus Arrhythmia

A ventriculophasic sinus arrhythmia occurs most often in patients with third degree AV block, but it's also observed after a compensatory pause induced by a premature ventricular contraction.^[3]

References

↑ Kaushal P, Taylor JA (2002). "Inter-relations among declines in arterial distensibility, baroreflex function and respiratory sinus arrhythmia". J Am Coll Cardiol. 39 (9): 1524–30. PMID 11985918.
↑ Masi CM, Hawkley LC, Rickett EM, Cacioppo JT (2007). "Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and diseases of aging: obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension". Biol Psychol. 74 (2): 212–23. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.07.006. PMC 1804292. PMID 17034928.
↑ de Marchena E, Colvin-Adams M, Esnard J, Ridha M, Castellanos A, Myerburg RJ (2003). "Ventriculophasic sinus arrhythmia in the orthotopic transplanted heart: mechanism of disease revisited". Int J Cardiol. 91 (1): 71–4. PMID 12957731.

[pmid11985918-1] Kaushal P, Taylor JA (2002). "Inter-relations among declines in arterial distensibility, baroreflex function and respiratory sinus arrhythmia". J Am Coll Cardiol. 39 (9): 1524–30. PMID 11985918.

[pmid17034928-2] Masi CM, Hawkley LC, Rickett EM, Cacioppo JT (2007). "Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and diseases of aging: obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension". Biol Psychol. 74 (2): 212–23. doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.07.006. PMC 1804292. PMID 17034928.

[pmid12957731-3] Marchena E, Colvin-Adams M, Esnard J, Ridha M, Castellanos A, Myerburg RJ (2003). "Ventriculophasic sinus arrhythmia in the orthotopic transplanted heart: mechanism of disease revisited". Int J Cardiol. 91 (1): 71–4. PMID 12957731.

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 ==Overview==
-Sinus arrhythmia is a variation in the rate of the SA node.  It is the most common type of arrhythmia and is considered to be a normal variant.  It is more common in the young, especially with slower heart rates or after enhanced vagal tone.<ref name="pmid11985918">{{cite journal| author=Kaushal P, Taylor JA| title=Inter-relations among declines in arterial distensibility, baroreflex function and respiratory sinus arrhythmia. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2002 | volume= 39 | issue= 9 | pages= 1524-30 | pmid=11985918 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11985918  }} </ref>  It also decreases with age or with autonomic dysfunction.<ref name="pmid17034928">{{cite journal| author=Masi CM, Hawkley LC, Rickett EM, Cacioppo JT| title=Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and diseases of aging: obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. | journal=Biol Psychol | year= 2007 | volume= 74 | issue= 2 | pages= 212-23 | pmid=17034928 | doi=10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.07.006 | pmc=PMC1804292 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17034928  }} </ref>  The formal definition of sinus arrhythmia is a variation in the P-P interval by 0.12 sec (120 msec) or more in the presence of normal P waves and the usual PR interval.
+Sinus arrhythmia is an irregularity of a sinus rhythm.  It is the most common type of arrhythmia and is considered to be a normal variant.  It is more common in the young, especially with slower heart rates or after enhanced vagal tone.<ref name="pmid11985918">{{cite journal| author=Kaushal P, Taylor JA| title=Inter-relations among declines in arterial distensibility, baroreflex function and respiratory sinus arrhythmia. | journal=J Am Coll Cardiol | year= 2002 | volume= 39 | issue= 9 | pages= 1524-30 | pmid=11985918 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11985918  }} </ref>  It also decreases with age or with autonomic dysfunction.<ref name="pmid17034928">{{cite journal| author=Masi CM, Hawkley LC, Rickett EM, Cacioppo JT| title=Respiratory sinus arrhythmia and diseases of aging: obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension. | journal=Biol Psychol | year= 2007 | volume= 74 | issue= 2 | pages= 212-23 | pmid=17034928 | doi=10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.07.006 | pmc=PMC1804292 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17034928  }} </ref>  The formal definition of sinus arrhythmia is a variation in the P-P interval by 0.12 sec (120 msec) or more in the presence of normal P waves.
 ==Classification==