Influenza other diagnostic studies: Difference between revisions
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==Other Diagnostic Studies== | ==Other Diagnostic Studies== | ||
===Molecular Assays<small><small><small> Adapted from CDC <ref name=CDC> {{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/diagnosis/molecular-assays.htm| title=CDC Guidance for Clinicians on the Use of RT-PCR and Other Molecular Assays for Diagnosis of Influenza Virus Infection}} </ref> </small></small></small>=== | ===Molecular Assays<small><small><small> Adapted from CDC <ref name=CDC> {{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/flu/professionals/diagnosis/molecular-assays.htm| title=CDC Guidance for Clinicians on the Use of RT-PCR and Other Molecular Assays for Diagnosis of Influenza Virus Infection}} </ref> </small></small></small>=== | ||
*Tests for influenza include molecular assays, rapid influenza diagnostic tests, viral culture or serology. | *Tests for influenza include molecular assays, rapid influenza diagnostic tests, viral culture or [[serology]]. | ||
*Molecular assays for influenza are increasingly being used in clinical settings. | *Molecular assays for influenza are increasingly being used in clinical settings. | ||
*Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and other molecular assays can identify the presence of influenza viral RNA in respiratory specimens. | *[[RT-PCR|Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction]] ([[RT-PCR]]) and other molecular assays can identify the presence of influenza viral RNA in respiratory specimens. | ||
*RT-PCR is particularly useful to identify influenza virus infection as a cause of respiratory outbreaks in institutions, such as nursing homes, chronic care facilities, and hospitals. | *RT-PCR is particularly useful to identify influenza virus infection as a cause of respiratory outbreaks in institutions, such as nursing homes, chronic care facilities, and hospitals. | ||
*Some molecular assays are able to detect and discriminate between infections with influenza A and B viruses; other tests can identify specific influenza A virus subtypes | *Some molecular assays are able to detect and discriminate between infections with influenza A and B viruses; other tests can identify specific influenza A virus subtypes. | ||
*These assays can yield results in 3-8 hours. | *These assays can yield results in 3-8 hours. | ||
*Notably, the detection of influenza viral RNA by these assays does not always indicate detection of viable virus or on-going influenza viral replication. | *Notably, the detection of influenza viral RNA by these assays does not always indicate detection of viable virus or on-going influenza viral replication. | ||
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*Some, but not all molecular assays can distinguish between specific influenza A virus subtypes | *Some, but not all molecular assays can distinguish between specific influenza A virus subtypes | ||
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*Results of RT-PCR and other molecular assays may not be available in a clinically relevant time frame to inform clinical management decisions. | *Results of [[RT-PCR]] and other molecular assays may not be available in a clinically relevant time frame to inform clinical management decisions. | ||
*RT-PCR and other molecular assays are generally not available for outpatient or emergency room settings | *[[RT-PCR]] and other molecular assays are generally not available for outpatient or emergency room settings. | ||
*Respiratory specimens may need to be sent to a state public health laboratory or commercial laboratory for RT-PCR. Therefore, although the test can yield results in 3-8 hours, the actual time to receive results may be substantially longer. | *Respiratory specimens may need to be sent to a state public health laboratory or commercial laboratory for [[RT-PCR]]. Therefore, although the test can yield results in 3-8 hours, the actual time to receive results may be substantially longer. | ||
*Most FDA-cleared molecular assays are not approved to test lower respiratory tract specimens | *Most FDA-cleared molecular assays are not approved to test lower respiratory tract specimens. | ||
*RT-PCR and other molecular assays are generally more expensive than other influenza tests | *[[RT-PCR]] and other molecular assays are generally more expensive than other influenza tests | ||
*Some molecular assays may not specifically identify all currently circulating influenza A virus subtypes. Depending on the test, a negative result for one influenza A virus subtype may not preclude infection with another influenza A virus subtype. | *Some molecular assays may not specifically identify all currently circulating influenza A virus subtypes. | ||
*Depending on the test, a negative result for one influenza A virus subtype may not preclude infection with another influenza A virus subtype. | |||
*Some influenza molecular assays being used are not FDA-cleared and an evaluation has not been performed to assess the accuracy of all available RT-PCR and molecular assays. | *Some influenza molecular assays being used are not FDA-cleared and an evaluation has not been performed to assess the accuracy of all available RT-PCR and molecular assays. | ||
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Revision as of 18:48, 28 October 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Alejandro Lemor, M.D. [2]
Overview
Other Diagnostic Studies
Molecular Assays Adapted from CDC [1]
- Tests for influenza include molecular assays, rapid influenza diagnostic tests, viral culture or serology.
- Molecular assays for influenza are increasingly being used in clinical settings.
- Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and other molecular assays can identify the presence of influenza viral RNA in respiratory specimens.
- RT-PCR is particularly useful to identify influenza virus infection as a cause of respiratory outbreaks in institutions, such as nursing homes, chronic care facilities, and hospitals.
- Some molecular assays are able to detect and discriminate between infections with influenza A and B viruses; other tests can identify specific influenza A virus subtypes.
- These assays can yield results in 3-8 hours.
- Notably, the detection of influenza viral RNA by these assays does not always indicate detection of viable virus or on-going influenza viral replication.
- It is important to note that not all assays have been cleared by the FDA for diagnostic use.
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