HIV AIDS physical examination: Difference between revisions
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==Physical Examination== | ==Physical Examination== | ||
===Appearance of the patient=== | ===General Appearance of the patient=== | ||
The appearance of the patient depends on the | The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may look very healthy or be ill-looking and cachectic.<ref name=Health>{{cite web | title = AIDSinfo| url = http://aidsinfo.nih.gov/ }}</ref> | ||
===Vitals=== | ===Vitals=== | ||
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===Nose=== | ===Nose=== | ||
*[[Nasal congestion]] may be present. | *[[Nasal congestion]] may be present. | ||
*[[Inflammation]] of | *[[Inflammation]] of the nasal turbinates may be present. | ||
===Ears=== | ===Ears=== | ||
*Hearing loss | *Hearing loss may be present. | ||
*Unilateral or bilateral deafness may be present. | *Unilateral or bilateral deafness may be present. | ||
*Discharge from ears may be found. | *Discharge from the ears may be found. | ||
===Throat=== | ===Throat=== | ||
*Dental [[pain]] may occur. | *Dental [[pain]] may occur. | ||
* | *Peridontal disease may be present. | ||
*Oral [[herpes]] simplex leisions may be found. | *Oral [[herpes]] simplex leisions may be found. | ||
*Oral [[thrush]] may be found. | *Oral [[thrush]] may be found. | ||
*Difficulty in | *Difficulty in mastication may be found. | ||
*[[Dysphagia]] may be found. | *[[Dysphagia]] may be found. | ||
*[[Odynophagia]] may be found. | *[[Odynophagia]] may be found. | ||
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===Cardiovascular system=== | ===Cardiovascular system=== | ||
*Chest [[pain]] may be | *Chest [[pain]] may be present. | ||
*[[Palpitation]] may be present. | *[[Palpitation]] may be present. | ||
*Dyspnea can be found. | *Dyspnea can be found. | ||
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*Rebound tenderness may be elicited. | *Rebound tenderness may be elicited. | ||
=== | ===Genitourinary=== | ||
*Vaginal or [[urethral]] discharge can be present. | *Vaginal or [[urethral]] discharge can be present. | ||
*Vaginal [[pain]] can be present. | *Vaginal [[pain]] can be present. | ||
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===Central Nervous System=== | ===Central Nervous System=== | ||
* | *Behavioral changes may be observed. | ||
*[[ | *[[Paresthesias]] of extremities can be a common finding. | ||
* | *Neuropathic pain can be found. | ||
*[[Gait]] disturbances may be present. | *[[Gait]] disturbances may be present. | ||
Revision as of 21:18, 4 November 2014
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AIDS Microchapters |
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Diagnosis |
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Case Studies |
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HIV AIDS physical examination On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of HIV AIDS physical examination |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for HIV AIDS physical examination |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-in-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS; Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]
Overview
The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may be completely asymptomatic or be ill-looking. The patient have fever, nightsweats, weight loss, sleep disturbance, adenopathy, frailty.
Physical Examination
General Appearance of the patient
The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may look very healthy or be ill-looking and cachectic.[1]
Vitals
Temperature
- Fever can be present
Pulse
- Tachycardia can be present.
Blood pressure
- Hypotension can be present.
Respiratory rate
- Tachypnea can be seen during fever and respiratory tract infections
Skin
- Folliculitis can be present.
- Seborrheic dermatitis can be present.
- Psoriasis can be present.
- Kaposi Sarcoma can be present.
- Fungal infections can be present.
- Skin lesions can be present in some cases.
Eyes
- Change in vision is a common aspect.
- The patient may see flashes of light sometime.
- Blurry vision may be a common findings.
- Double vision or loss of vision can occur.
- Retinal lesions may be found.
- Yellow or white discoloration can be found.
- Retinal hemorrhage may be present.
- Retinal infiltrates may be present.
Head
- Headache can be present.
- Tenderness of sinuses may be elicited.
Nose
- Nasal congestion may be present.
- Inflammation of the nasal turbinates may be present.
Ears
- Hearing loss may be present.
- Unilateral or bilateral deafness may be present.
- Discharge from the ears may be found.
Throat
- Dental pain may occur.
- Peridontal disease may be present.
- Oral herpes simplex leisions may be found.
- Oral thrush may be found.
- Difficulty in mastication may be found.
- Dysphagia may be found.
- Odynophagia may be found.
- Halitosis may be elicited.
Lungs
- Cough may be found.
- Hemoptysis may be found.
- Dyspnea may be found.
- Rales may be found.
- Rhonchi may be found.
- Dullness to percussion can be present.
- Increased vocal fremitus can be present.
- Increased tactile fremitus can be present.
Cardiovascular system
- Chest pain may be present.
- Palpitation may be present.
- Dyspnea can be found.
- Heart murmur can be found.
Abdomen
- Abdominal pain can be found.
- Rectal bleeding can be present.
- Constipation may be found.
- Hemorrhoids may be found.
- Hepatomegaly may be elicited.
- Splenomegaly may be elicited.
- Rebound tenderness may be elicited.
Genitourinary
- Vaginal or urethral discharge can be present.
- Vaginal pain can be present.
- Dysuria can be present.
- Rectal pain can be present.
- Increased urinary frequency can be present.
Extremities
- Muscle wasting may be present.
- Muscle weakness may be present.
- Muscle pain may be present.
- Joint swelling may be present.
Central Nervous System
- Behavioral changes may be observed.
- Paresthesias of extremities can be a common finding.
- Neuropathic pain can be found.
- Gait disturbances may be present.