HIV AIDS physical examination: Difference between revisions

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Revision as of 14:53, 20 November 2014

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editors-in-Chief: Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS; Ammu Susheela, M.D. [2]; Jesus Rosario Hernandez, M.D. [3]

Overview

The physical examination of a patient with HIV/AIDS can be variable depending on the stage of the disease. Physical exam findings may be related to the virus itself or secondary to the opportunistic infections of late disease. Findings include fever, lymphadenopathy, rash, oral thrush, retinal infiltrates, crackles on auscultation, and focal neurologic deficits.

Physical Examination

General Appearance of the patient

The appearance of the patient depends on the stage of the disease. The patient may look very healthy or be ill-looking and cachectic.^[1]

Vitals

Temperature

Fever can be present.

Pulse

Tachycardia can be present.

Blood pressure

Hypotension can be present.

Respiratory rate

Tachypnea can be seen during fever and respiratory tract infections

Skin

Folliculitis can be present.
Seborrheic dermatitis can be present.
Psoriasis can be present.
Skin lesions can be present in some cases.

Eyes

Retinal hemorrhage may be present.
Retinal infiltrates may be present.

Head

Tenderness of sinuses may be elicited.

Nose

Inflammation of the nasal turbinates may be present.

Ears

Unilateral or bilateral deafness may be present.
Discharge from the ears may be found.

Throat

Peridontal disease may be present.
Oral herpes simplex lesions may be found.
Oral thrush may be found.

Lungs

Crackles and rhonchi may be found.
Dullness to percussion can be present.
Increased tactile fremitus can be present.

Cardiovascular system

A heart murmur can be found.

Abdomen

Abdominal tenderness can be found.
Hepatomegaly may be detected.
Splenomegaly may be detected.

Genitourinary

Vaginal or urethral discharge can be present.

Extremities

Muscle weakness may be present.
Joint swelling may be present.

Central Nervous System

Focal neurological deficits may be found.

Behavioral changes may be observed.
Gait disturbances may be present.

Physical examination gallery

Kaposi’s sarcoma. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). ^[2]
Kaposi’s sarcoma in the retromandibular region. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). ^[2]
Labial and gingival Kaposi’s sarcoma. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). ^[2]
Oral candidiasis infection. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). ^[2]
Oral pseudomembranous candidiasis infection. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). ^[2]
Oral candidiasis infection. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). ^[2]
Kaposi’s sarcoma lesion candidiasis infection. From Public Health Image Library (PHIL). ^[2]

References

↑ "AIDSinfo".
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 "Public Health Image Library (PHIL)".

Template:WH Template:WS

[Health-1] "AIDSinfo".

[PHIL-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 ^2.6 "Public Health Image Library (PHIL)".

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 __NOTOC__
 {{AIDS}}
-{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-in-Chief:''' [[User:Ujjwal Rastogi|Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS]]; {{Ammu}}
+{{CMG}}; '''Associate Editors-in-Chief:''' [[User:Ujjwal Rastogi|Ujjwal Rastogi, MBBS]]; {{Ammu}}; {{JH}}
 ==Overview==
 The physical examination of a patient with HIV/AIDS can be variable depending on the stage of the disease. Physical exam findings may be related to the virus itself or secondary to the opportunistic infections of late disease. Findings include fever, lymphadenopathy, rash, oral thrush, retinal infiltrates, crackles on auscultation, and focal neurologic deficits.
@@ Line 72: / Line 72: @@
 *Behavioral changes may be observed.
 *[[Gait]] disturbances may be present.
+==Physical examination gallery==
+<gallery>
+Image: HIV_physical_examination01.jpeg| '''Kaposi’s sarcoma'''. <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image: HIV_physical_examination02.jpeg| '''Kaposi’s sarcoma in the retromandibular region.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image: HIV_physical_examination03.jpeg| '''Labial and gingival Kaposi’s sarcoma.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image: HIV_physical_examination04.jpeg| '''Oral candidiasis infection.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image: HIV_physical_examination05.jpeg| '''Oral pseudomembranous candidiasis infection.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image: HIV_physical_examination06.jpeg| '''Oral candidiasis infection.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+Image: HIV_physical_examination07.jpeg| '''Kaposi’s sarcoma lesion candidiasis infection.''' <SMALL><SMALL>''[http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp From Public Health Image Library (PHIL).] ''<ref name=PHIL> {{Cite web | title = Public Health Image Library (PHIL) | url = http://phil.cdc.gov/phil/home.asp}}</ref></SMALL></SMALL>
+</gallery>
 ==References==