Pneumonia other imaging findings: Difference between revisions
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*[[Bronchoscopy]] is used in the diagnosis of pneumonia only in certain cases, such as patients admitted in the ICU, immunocompromised patients, or patients with treatment failure. | *[[Bronchoscopy]] is used in the diagnosis of pneumonia only in certain cases, such as patients admitted in the ICU, immunocompromised patients, or patients with treatment failure. | ||
*When [[sputum]] is not produced or not sufficient for evaluation, bronchoscopic sampling and [[bronchoalveolar lavage]] (BAL) is used to collect samples for [[gram stain]] and culture.<ref name="MandellWunderink2007">{{cite journal|last1=Mandell|first1=L. A.|last2=Wunderink|first2=R. G.|last3=Anzueto|first3=A.|last4=Bartlett|first4=J. G.|last5=Campbell|first5=G. D.|last6=Dean|first6=N. C.|last7=Dowell|first7=S. F.|last8=File|first8=T. M.|last9=Musher|first9=D. M.|last10=Niederman|first10=M. S.|last11=Torres|first11=A.|last12=Whitney|first12=C. G.|title=Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=44|issue=Supplement 2|year=2007|pages=S27–S72|issn=1058-4838|doi=10.1086/511159}}</ref> | *When [[sputum]] is not produced or not sufficient for evaluation, bronchoscopic sampling and [[bronchoalveolar lavage]] (BAL) is used to collect samples for [[gram stain]] and culture.<ref name="MandellWunderink2007">{{cite journal|last1=Mandell|first1=L. A.|last2=Wunderink|first2=R. G.|last3=Anzueto|first3=A.|last4=Bartlett|first4=J. G.|last5=Campbell|first5=G. D.|last6=Dean|first6=N. C.|last7=Dowell|first7=S. F.|last8=File|first8=T. M.|last9=Musher|first9=D. M.|last10=Niederman|first10=M. S.|last11=Torres|first11=A.|last12=Whitney|first12=C. G.|title=Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults|journal=Clinical Infectious Diseases|volume=44|issue=Supplement 2|year=2007|pages=S27–S72|issn=1058-4838|doi=10.1086/511159}}</ref> | ||
*[[Bronchoscopy]] is particularly helpful in the diagnosis of PCP, as the sputum analysis have a high false-negative rate. <ref name="pmid3484921">{{cite journal| author=Pitchenik AE, Ganjei P, Torres A, Evans DA, Rubin E, Baier H| title=Sputum examination for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | journal=Am Rev Respir Dis | year= 1986 | volume= 133 | issue= 2 | pages= 226-9 | pmid=3484921 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=3484921 }} </ref> | |||
==Ultrasound== | ==Ultrasound== | ||
Revision as of 16:04, 9 December 2014
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage is useful to obtain samples for gram stain and culture in patients with certain conditions, such as immunocompromised patients, ICU admission or antibiotic failure.
Bronchoscopy
- Bronchoscopy is used in the diagnosis of pneumonia only in certain cases, such as patients admitted in the ICU, immunocompromised patients, or patients with treatment failure.
- When sputum is not produced or not sufficient for evaluation, bronchoscopic sampling and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is used to collect samples for gram stain and culture.[1]
- Bronchoscopy is particularly helpful in the diagnosis of PCP, as the sputum analysis have a high false-negative rate. [2]
Ultrasound
In one study, ultrasonography was used to diagnose community acquired pneumonia with a high sensitivity and specificity (Sensitivity of 93% and specificity of 98%).[3]
References
- ↑ Mandell, L. A.; Wunderink, R. G.; Anzueto, A.; Bartlett, J. G.; Campbell, G. D.; Dean, N. C.; Dowell, S. F.; File, T. M.; Musher, D. M.; Niederman, M. S.; Torres, A.; Whitney, C. G. (2007). "Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society Consensus Guidelines on the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 44 (Supplement 2): S27–S72. doi:10.1086/511159. ISSN 1058-4838.
- ↑ Pitchenik AE, Ganjei P, Torres A, Evans DA, Rubin E, Baier H (1986). "Sputum examination for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome". Am Rev Respir Dis. 133 (2): 226–9. PMID 3484921.
- ↑ Reissig A, Copetti R, Mathis G, Mempel C, Schuler A, Zechner P; et al. (2012). "Lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective, multicenter, diagnostic accuracy study". Chest. 142 (4): 965–72. doi:10.1378/chest.12-0364. PMID 22700780.