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__NOTOC__
__NOTOC__
{{Community-acquired pneumonia}}
{{Community-acquired pneumonia}}
==Vaccines==
==Overview==
===Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine===
There are several ways to prevent infectious pneumonia. Appropriately treating underlying illnesses (such as AIDS), smoking cessation, vaccination against pneumococcal and influenza are the commonly used methods.


{| style="border: 2px solid #696969;" align="center"
==Vaccination==
|+ <SMALL>'' Vaccine prevention of community-acquired pneumonia.''<ref name="Harper-2005">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Harper | first1 = SA. | last2 = Fukuda | first2 = K. | last3 = Uyeki | first3 = TM. | last4 = Cox | first4 = NJ. | last5 = Bridges | first5 = CB. | title = Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). | journal = MMWR Recomm Rep | volume = 54 | issue = RR-8 | pages = 1-40 | month = Jul | year = 2005 | doi = | PMID = 16086456 }}</ref></SMALL>
{| style="border: 0px; font-size: 85%; margin: 3px; width:1000px;" align=center
 
|valign=top|
| style="background: #A5B2D6; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 200px"| '''Factor''' || style="background: #A5B2D6; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 200px" | '''[[Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine]]'''
|+
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF; width: 150px;" | Vaccine
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |&nbsp;▸&nbsp;'''''Route of administration''''' || style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left |▸  '''''Intramuscular injection'''''
! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF; width: 150px;" | Route of Administration
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF; width: 150px;" | Type of Vaccine
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |&nbsp;▸&nbsp;'''''Type of vaccine''''' || style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸'''''Bacterial component (polysaccharide capsule)'''''
! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF;  width: 200px;" | Recommended Groups  
|-
! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF; width: 300px;" | Specific high-risk indications for vaccination
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |&nbsp;▸&nbsp;'''''Recommended groups''''' || style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸'''''All persons ≥ 65 years of age'''''<br>''''''High-risk persons 2–64 years of age''''''<br>''''''Current smokers''''''
! style="background: #4479BA; color:#FFF; width: 200px;" | Re-vaccination schedule
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |&nbsp;▸&nbsp;'''''Specific high-risk indications for vaccination''''' || style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left |▸ '''''Chronic cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, or liver disease'''''<br>▸'''''Diabetes mellitus'''''<br>▸'''''Cerebrospinal fluid leaks ''''' <br>▸''''' Alcoholism ''''' <br>▸''''' [[Asplenia]]''''' <br>▸''''' Immunocompromising conditions / medications '''''<br>▸'''''Native Americans and Alaska natives '''''<br>▸'''''Long-term care facility residents'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |&nbsp;▸&nbsp;'''''Revaccination schedule''''' || style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left |▸ '''''One-time revaccination after 5 years for <br> (1) Adults 65 years of age, if the first dose is received before age 65 years<br> (2) Persons with asplenia <br> (3) Immunocompromised persons'''''
|-
|}  
 
Adapted from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.<ref name="Harper-2005">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Harper | first1 = SA. | last2 = Fukuda | first2 = K. | last3 = Uyeki | first3 = TM. | last4 = Cox | first4 = NJ. | last5 = Bridges | first5 = CB. | title = Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). | journal = MMWR Recomm Rep | volume = 54 | issue = RR-8 | pages = 1-40 | month = Jul | year = 2005 | doi =  | PMID = 16086456 }}</ref>
 
===Inactivated influenza vaccine===
 
{| style="border: 2px solid #696969;" align="center"
|+ <SMALL>'' Vaccine prevention of community-acquired pneumonia.''<ref name="Harper-2005">{{Cite journal | last1 = Harper | first1 = SA. | last2 = Fukuda | first2 = K. | last3 = Uyeki | first3 = TM. | last4 = Cox | first4 = NJ. | last5 = Bridges | first5 = CB. | title = Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). | journal = MMWR Recomm Rep | volume = 54 | issue = RR-8 | pages = 1-40 | month = Jul | year = 2005 | doi =  | PMID = 16086456 }}</ref></SMALL>
 
| style="background: #A5B2D6; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 200px"| '''Factor''' || style="background: #A5B2D6; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 200px" | '''Inactivated influenza vaccine'''
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |&nbsp;▸&nbsp;'''''Route of administration''''' || style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left |▸ '''''Intramuscular injection'''''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" | Pneumococcal Vaccine
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Intramuscular injection
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |All persons > 65 years of age, high-risk persons 2–64 years of age, current smokers
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Chronic [[cardiovascular]], [[pulmonary]], [[renal]], or [[liver disease]], [[diabetes mellitus]], cerebrospinal fluid leaks, [[alcoholism]], [[asplenia]], immunocompromising conditions/medications, native Americans and Alaska natives, long-term care facility residents Residence
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | One-time revaccination after 5 years for:
*Adults > 65 years of age, if the first dose is received before age 65 years
*Persons with asplenia
*Immunocompromised persons.
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |&nbsp;▸&nbsp;'''''Type of vaccine''''' || style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''Killed virus'''''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" |Inactivated Influenza Vaccine 
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Intramuscular injection
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Killed virus
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |All persons > 50 years of age, High-risk persons 6 months–49 years of age, household contacts of high-risk
persons, health care providers, children 6–23 months of age
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Chronic cardiovascular or pulmonary disease (including [[asthma]]), Chronic metabolic disease (including [[diabetes mellitus]]), Renal dysfunction, [[Hemoglobinopathies]], Immunocompromising conditions/medications, Compromised respiratory function or increased aspiration risk, [[pregnancy]], [[aspirin]] therapy in persons < 18 years of age
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Annualy
|-
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |&nbsp;▸&nbsp;'''''Recommended groups''''' || style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ ''''' All persons ≥ 50 years of age'''''<br>▸ '''''High-risk persons 6 months – 49 years of age'''''<br>▸ '''''Household contacts of high-risk persons'''''<br>▸ '''''Health care providers'''''<br>▸ '''''Children 6–23 months of age'''''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;font-weight: bold" | Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Intranasal spray
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |&nbsp;▸&nbsp;'''''Specific high-risk indications for vaccination''''' || style ="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''Chronic cardiovascular or pulmonary disease (including asthma) ''''' <br>▸'''''Chronic metabolic disease (including diabetes mellitus)'''''<br> ▸'''''Renal dysfunction ''''' <br>▸'''''  [[Hemoglobinopathies]] ''''' <br>▸''''' Immunocompromising conditions/medications''''' <br>▸''''' Pregnancy'''''<br>▸'''''Residence in a long-term care facility '''''<br>▸'''''Aspirin therapy in persons ≤ 18 years of age '''''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Live virus
|-
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Healthy persons 5–49 years of age,a including health care providers and household contacts of high-risk persons
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |&nbsp;▸&nbsp;'''''Revaccination schedule''''' || style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left |▸ '''''Annual revaccination '''''
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Avoid in high-risk persons
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Annualy
|-
|-
| style="padding: 0px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" colspan=5|<small> Adapted from IDSA/ATS Consensus Guidelines on the Vaccine Prevention for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults. <ref name="pmid17278083">{{cite journal |author=Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, Dowell SF, File TM, Musher DM, Niederman MS, Torres A, Whitney CG |title=Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults |journal=[[Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America]] |volume=44 Suppl 2 |issue= |pages=S27–72 |year=2007 |month=March |pmid=17278083 |doi=10.1086/511159 |url=http://www.cid.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=17278083 |accessdate=2012-09-06}}</ref> </small>
|}
|}
Adapted from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.<ref name="Harper-2005">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Harper | first1 = SA. | last2 = Fukuda | first2 = K. | last3 = Uyeki | first3 = TM. | last4 = Cox | first4 = NJ. | last5 = Bridges | first5 = CB. | title = Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). | journal = MMWR Recomm Rep | volume = 54 | issue = RR-8 | pages = 1-40 | month = Jul | year = 2005 | doi =  | PMID = 16086456 }}</ref>
===Live attenuated influenza vaccine===
{| style="border: 2px solid #696969;" align="center"
|+ <SMALL>'' Vaccine prevention of community-acquired pneumonia.''<ref name="Harper-2005">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Harper | first1 = SA. | last2 = Fukuda | first2 = K. | last3 = Uyeki | first3 = TM. | last4 = Cox | first4 = NJ. | last5 = Bridges | first5 = CB. | title = Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). | journal = MMWR Recomm Rep | volume = 54 | issue = RR-8 | pages = 1-40 | month = Jul | year = 2005 | doi =  | PMID = 16086456 }}</ref></SMALL>
| style="background: #A5B2D6; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 200px"| '''Factor''' || style="background: #A5B2D6; border: 0px solid #696969; padding: 0 5px; width: 200px" | '''Live attenuated influenza vaccine'''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |&nbsp;▸&nbsp;'''''Route of administration''''' || style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left |▸ '''''Intranasal spray'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |&nbsp;▸&nbsp;'''''Type of vaccine''''' || style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''Live virus'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |&nbsp;▸&nbsp;'''''Recommended groups''''' || style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''Healthy persons 5–49 years of age<sup>†</sup>, including health care providers and household contacts of high-risk persons'''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |&nbsp;▸&nbsp;'''''Specific high-risk indications for vaccination''''' || style ="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left | ▸ '''''Avoid in high-risk persons '''''
|-
| style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #F5F5F5" align=left |&nbsp;▸&nbsp;'''''Revaccination schedule''''' || style="font-size: 90%; padding: 0 5px; background: #DCDCDC" align=left |▸ '''''Annual revaccination '''''
|-
|}
<sup>†</sup> = Avoid use in persons with asthma, reactive airways disease, or other chronic disorders of the pulmonary or cardiovascular systems; persons with other
underlying medical conditions, including diabetes, renal dysfunction, and hemoglobinopathies; persons with immunodeficiencies or who receive immunosup-pressive therapy; children or adolescents receiving salicylates; persons with a history of Guillain-Barre ́ syndrome; and pregnant women.
Adapted from the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.<ref name="Harper-2005">{{Cite journal  | last1 = Harper | first1 = SA. | last2 = Fukuda | first2 = K. | last3 = Uyeki | first3 = TM. | last4 = Cox | first4 = NJ. | last5 = Bridges | first5 = CB. | title = Prevention and control of influenza. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). | journal = MMWR Recomm Rep | volume = 54 | issue = RR-8 | pages = 1-40 | month = Jul | year = 2005 | doi =  | PMID = 16086456 }}</ref>


==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Pulmonology]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Infectious disease]]
[[Category:Pneumonia|Pneumonia]]
[[Category:Pneumonia]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:Emergency medicine]]
[[Category:primary care]]
[[Category:primary care]]

Revision as of 15:42, 10 December 2014

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Overview

There are several ways to prevent infectious pneumonia. Appropriately treating underlying illnesses (such as AIDS), smoking cessation, vaccination against pneumococcal and influenza are the commonly used methods.

Vaccination
Vaccine Route of Administration Type of Vaccine Recommended Groups Specific high-risk indications for vaccination Re-vaccination schedule
Pneumococcal Vaccine Intramuscular injection Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine All persons > 65 years of age, high-risk persons 2–64 years of age, current smokers Chronic cardiovascular, pulmonary, renal, or liver disease, diabetes mellitus, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, alcoholism, asplenia, immunocompromising conditions/medications, native Americans and Alaska natives, long-term care facility residents Residence One-time revaccination after 5 years for:
  • Adults > 65 years of age, if the first dose is received before age 65 years
  • Persons with asplenia
  • Immunocompromised persons.
Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Intramuscular injection Killed virus All persons > 50 years of age, High-risk persons 6 months–49 years of age, household contacts of high-risk

persons, health care providers, children 6–23 months of age

Chronic cardiovascular or pulmonary disease (including asthma), Chronic metabolic disease (including diabetes mellitus), Renal dysfunction, Hemoglobinopathies, Immunocompromising conditions/medications, Compromised respiratory function or increased aspiration risk, pregnancy, aspirin therapy in persons < 18 years of age Annualy
Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Intranasal spray Live virus Healthy persons 5–49 years of age,a including health care providers and household contacts of high-risk persons Avoid in high-risk persons Annualy
Adapted from IDSA/ATS Consensus Guidelines on the Vaccine Prevention for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults. [1]

References

  1. ↑ Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, Dowell SF, File TM, Musher DM, Niederman MS, Torres A, Whitney CG (2007). "Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults". Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 44 Suppl 2: S27–72. doi:10.1086/511159. PMID 17278083. Retrieved 2012-09-06. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)

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