Community-acquired pneumonia epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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*In 2012, 59.9% of adults 65 years and over received a pneumococcal vaccination.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pneumonia.htm| title=CDC Pneumonia FastStats}} </ref> | *In 2012, 59.9% of adults 65 years and over received a pneumococcal vaccination.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pneumonia.htm| title=CDC Pneumonia FastStats}} </ref> | ||
=== | *The number of discharges for patient admitted with pneumonia in hospitals in the US was 1.1 million patients in 2010.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pneumonia.htm| title=CDC Pneumonia FastStats}} </ref> | ||
*The average length of stay for those patients was 5.2 days.<ref name=CDC>{{cite web|url=http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/pneumonia.htm| title=CDC Pneumonia FastStats}} </ref> | |||
* An increasing rate of CAP is seen with age. 5.16 to 6.11 cases of [[pneumonia]] per 1000 persons is observed in the community for adults. A pronounced seasonal effect on the number of patients presenting to emergency department was also noted. During the winter months, there was up to a 50% increase in the number of cases compared with the summer months.<ref name="Marrie-2005">{{Cite journal | last1 = Marrie | first1 = TJ. | last2 = Huang | first2 = JQ. | title = Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in Edmonton, Alberta: an emergency department-based study. | journal = Can Respir J | volume = 12 | issue = 3 | pages = 139-42 | month = Apr | year = 2005 | doi = | PMID = 15875065 }}</ref> ''[[Streptococcus pneumoniae]]'' is the leading cause of [[pneumonia]] worldwide.<ref name="Miniño-2011">{{Cite journal | last1 = Miniño | first1 = AM. | last2 = Murphy | first2 = SL. | last3 = Xu | first3 = J. | last4 = Kochanek | first4 = KD. | title = Deaths: final data for 2008. | journal = Natl Vital Stat Rep | volume = 59 | issue = 10 | pages = 1-126 | month = Dec | year = 2011 | doi = | PMID = 22808755 }}</ref> | |||
* | * [[Pneumonia]] and [[influenza]] are the eighth and seventh cause of death in the United states and Canada respectively.<ref name="File-2010">{{Cite journal | last1 = File | first1 = TM. | last2 = Marrie | first2 = TJ. | title = Burden of community-acquired pneumonia in North American adults. | journal = Postgrad Med | volume = 122 | issue = 2 | pages = 130-41 | month = Mar | year = 2010 | doi = 10.3810/pgm.2010.03.2130 | PMID = 20203464 }}</ref><ref name="Kung-2008">{{Cite journal | last1 = Kung | first1 = HC. | last2 = Hoyert | first2 = DL. | last3 = Xu | first3 = J. | last4 = Murphy | first4 = SL. | title = Deaths: final data for 2005. | journal = Natl Vital Stat Rep | volume = 56 | issue = 10 | pages = 1-120 | month = Apr | year = 2008 | doi = | PMID = 18512336 }}</ref> A death rate of more than 60000 persons was recorded in 2005 due to pneumonia in ages more than 15 years. A difference in mortality ratio is observed in different countries like in United States/Canada 7.3 percent, Latin America 13.3 percent, Europe 9.1 percent.<ref name="Arnold-2013">{{Cite journal | last1 = Arnold | first1 = FW. | last2 = Wiemken | first2 = TL. | last3 = Peyrani | first3 = P. | last4 = Ramirez | first4 = JA. | last5 = Brock | first5 = GN. | title = Mortality differences among hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia in three world regions: results from the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAPO) International Cohort Study. | journal = Respir Med | volume = 107 | issue = 7 | pages = 1101-11 | month = Jul | year = 2013 | doi = 10.1016/j.rmed.2013.04.003 | PMID = 23660396 }}</ref> | ||
===Mortality=== | |||
* A higher mortality rate is seen in invasive diseases, nursing home patients and severe [[bacteremia]]. | * A higher mortality rate is seen in invasive diseases, nursing home patients and severe [[bacteremia]]. | ||
* More than 40 % mortality rate is seen in ICU admitted patients. | * More than 40 % mortality rate is seen in ICU admitted patients. | ||
* The number of deaths in the US in 2011 was 52,294. | * The number of deaths in the US in 2011 was 52,294. | ||
* Deaths per 100,000 population in the US, 2011: 16.8 | * Deaths per 100,000 population in the US, 2011: 16.8 | ||
==Incidence of Community–Acquired Pneumonia in 2010 in Children 0–4 Years of Age in 192 Countries<ref name="pmid23826505">{{cite journal| author=Rudan I, O'Brien KL, Nair H, Liu L, Theodoratou E, Qazi S et al.| title=Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia in 2010: estimates of incidence, severe morbidity, mortality, underlying risk factors and causative pathogens for 192 countries. | journal=J Glob Health | year= 2013 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 010401 | pmid=23826505 | doi=10.7189/jogh.03.010401 | pmc=PMC3700032 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23826505 }} </ref>== | ==Incidence of Community–Acquired Pneumonia in 2010 in Children 0–4 Years of Age in 192 Countries<ref name="pmid23826505">{{cite journal| author=Rudan I, O'Brien KL, Nair H, Liu L, Theodoratou E, Qazi S et al.| title=Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia in 2010: estimates of incidence, severe morbidity, mortality, underlying risk factors and causative pathogens for 192 countries. | journal=J Glob Health | year= 2013 | volume= 3 | issue= 1 | pages= 010401 | pmid=23826505 | doi=10.7189/jogh.03.010401 | pmc=PMC3700032 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23826505 }} </ref>== | ||
Revision as of 19:31, 10 December 2014
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Community-Acquired Pneumonia Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Chetan Lokhande, M.B.B.S [2]
Overview
Epidemiology
- About 3.5 million deaths yearly have been attributed to lower respiratory tract infection. It is the third most common overall cause of death and the leading cause of death from infectious diseases.[1]
- Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death in the world and ninth leading cause in the United States. In 2001, 50,000 deaths were due to both pneumonia and influenza.
- In 2012, 59.9% of adults 65 years and over received a pneumococcal vaccination.[2]
- The number of discharges for patient admitted with pneumonia in hospitals in the US was 1.1 million patients in 2010.[2]
- The average length of stay for those patients was 5.2 days.[2]
- An increasing rate of CAP is seen with age. 5.16 to 6.11 cases of pneumonia per 1000 persons is observed in the community for adults. A pronounced seasonal effect on the number of patients presenting to emergency department was also noted. During the winter months, there was up to a 50% increase in the number of cases compared with the summer months.[3] Streptococcus pneumoniae is the leading cause of pneumonia worldwide.[4]
- Pneumonia and influenza are the eighth and seventh cause of death in the United states and Canada respectively.[5][6] A death rate of more than 60000 persons was recorded in 2005 due to pneumonia in ages more than 15 years. A difference in mortality ratio is observed in different countries like in United States/Canada 7.3 percent, Latin America 13.3 percent, Europe 9.1 percent.[7]
Mortality
- A higher mortality rate is seen in invasive diseases, nursing home patients and severe bacteremia.
- More than 40 % mortality rate is seen in ICU admitted patients.
- The number of deaths in the US in 2011 was 52,294.
- Deaths per 100,000 population in the US, 2011: 16.8
Incidence of Community–Acquired Pneumonia in 2010 in Children 0–4 Years of Age in 192 Countries[8]
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Africa
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References
- ↑ "WHO". Text " The top 10 causes of death " ignored (help)
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 "CDC Pneumonia FastStats".
- ↑ Marrie, TJ.; Huang, JQ. (2005). "Epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia in Edmonton, Alberta: an emergency department-based study". Can Respir J. 12 (3): 139–42. PMID 15875065. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Miniño, AM.; Murphy, SL.; Xu, J.; Kochanek, KD. (2011). "Deaths: final data for 2008". Natl Vital Stat Rep. 59 (10): 1–126. PMID 22808755. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ File, TM.; Marrie, TJ. (2010). "Burden of community-acquired pneumonia in North American adults". Postgrad Med. 122 (2): 130–41. doi:10.3810/pgm.2010.03.2130. PMID 20203464. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Kung, HC.; Hoyert, DL.; Xu, J.; Murphy, SL. (2008). "Deaths: final data for 2005". Natl Vital Stat Rep. 56 (10): 1–120. PMID 18512336. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Arnold, FW.; Wiemken, TL.; Peyrani, P.; Ramirez, JA.; Brock, GN. (2013). "Mortality differences among hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia in three world regions: results from the Community-Acquired Pneumonia Organization (CAPO) International Cohort Study". Respir Med. 107 (7): 1101–11. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2013.04.003. PMID 23660396. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Rudan I, O'Brien KL, Nair H, Liu L, Theodoratou E, Qazi S; et al. (2013). "Epidemiology and etiology of childhood pneumonia in 2010: estimates of incidence, severe morbidity, mortality, underlying risk factors and causative pathogens for 192 countries". J Glob Health. 3 (1): 010401. doi:10.7189/jogh.03.010401. PMC 3700032. PMID 23826505.