Cytarabine: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
← Older editNewer edit →
VisualWikitext
WikiBot (talk | contribs)
Bots, Bureaucrats, bureaucrats, interwiki, nocaptcha, Administrators
57,550 edits
m Bot: Automated text replacement (-{{SIB}} + & -{{EH}} + & -{{EJ}} + & -{{Editor Help}} + & -{{Editor Join}} +)
Ammu Susheela (talk | contribs)
nocaptcha, Administrators
14,466 edits
No edit summary
Line 1: Line 1:
{{drugbox | IUPAC_name = 4-amino-1-[(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5- (hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl] pyrimidin-2-one | image = Cytarabine.png | width = 96 | CAS_number = 147-94-4 | ATC_prefix = L01 | ATC_suffix = BC01 | ATC_supplemental = | PubChem = 6253 | DrugBank = APRD00499 | C=9 | H=13 | N=3 | O=5 | molecular_weight = 243.217 g/mol | bioavailability = Orally, less than 20% of a dose of cytarabine is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and is ineffective by this route. Subcutaneously or intramuscularly, tritium labelled cytarabine produces peak plasma concentrations of radioactivity within 20 to 60 minutes which are considerably lower than those attained after intravenous administration. Continuous intravenous infusions produce relatively constant plasma levels in 8 to 24 hours. | protein_bound = 13% | metabolism = Liver | elimination_half-life = Intravenous doses of cytarabine exhibit a biphasic elimination, with an initial distribution half-life of about ten minutes during which time a major portion of the drug is metabolised in the liver to the inactive metabolite uracil arabinoside. The secondary elimination half-life is longer, approximately one to three hours. Metabolism also occurs in the kidneys, gastrointestinal mucosa, granulocytes and other tissues. | pregnancy_category = D (USA); D (Aus) | legal_status = | routes_of_administration = Injectable (intravenous injection or infusion, or subcutaneously) | excretion = Cytarabine is mainly excreted via the kidney with 70 to 80% of a dose administered by any route appearing in the urine within 24 hours; approximately 90% as the metabolite and 10% as unchanged drug }}
{{DrugProjectFormSinglePage
{{SI}}
|authorTag=<!--Overview-->
{{CMG}}
|aOrAn=a
|drugClass=
|indicationType=
|indication=
|hasBlackBoxWarning=Yes
|adverseReactions=<!--Black Box Warning-->
|blackBoxWarningTitle=<span style="color:#FF0000;">ConditionName: </span>
|blackBoxWarningBody=<i><span style="color:#FF0000;">ConditionName: </span></i>


* Content


<!--Adult Indications and Dosage-->


For patient information, click [[Cytarabine (patient information)|here]]
<!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)-->
|fdaLIADAdult======Condition1=====


==Overview==
* Dosing Information
'''Cytarabine''' is a shortened form of '''cytosine arabinoside''', a commonly used [[chemotherapy]] agent used mainly in the treatment of [[leukemia]] and [[non-Hodgkin lymphoma]]. It is also known as '''Ara-C'''.


==History==
:* Dosage
Cytarabine was discovered in Europe in the 1960s. It gained FDA approval in June 1969 and was initially marketed in the US by [[Upjohn]] as Cytosar-U.


==Mechanism==
=====Condition2=====
Cytosine arabinoside is an [[antimetabolic agent]] with the chemical name of ''1β-arabinofuranosylcytosine''. Its mode of action is due to its rapid conversion into ''cytosine arabinoside triphosphosphate'', which damages DNA when the [[cell cycle]] holds in the [[S phase]] (synthesis of DNA). Rapidly dividing cells, which require DNA replication for [[mitosis]], are therefore most affected. Cytosine arabinoside also inhibits both [[DNA]] and [[RNA]] [[polymerase]]s and [[nucleotide]] reductase enzyme needed for the DNA synthesis. Cytarabine is rapidly deaminated in the body into the inactive [[uracil]] derivative form and therefore, it is often given by continuous intravenous infusion.


==Clinical uses==
* Dosing Information
Cytarabine is mainly used in the treatment of lymphomas and also for [[acute myelogenous leukemia]] where it is the backbone of induction chemotherapy.  Cytarabine possessess also an [[antiviral]] activity, and it has been used for the treatment of generalised [[herpes]] infection. However, cytarabine is not very selective and causes [[bone marrow suppression]] and other severe side effects, so it is used mainly for the chemotherapy of hematologic cancers.


One of the unique toxicities of cytarabine is [[cerebellar]] toxicity when given in high doses.
:* Dosage


Toxicity:  Leukopenia, Thrombocytopenia, anemia, GI disturbances, stomatitis, conjunctivitis, pneumonitis, fever, and dermatitis.
=====Condition3=====


Cytarabine is also used in the study of the [[nervous system]] to control the proliferation of [[glial]] cells in cultures, the amount of glial cells having an important impact on [[neuron]]s.
* Dosing Information


==Brand names==
:* Dosage
*'''Cytosar-U®'''
*'''Tarabine® PFS'''
*'''Depocyt®''' (longer-lasting [[liposomal]] formulation)


==External links==
=====Condition4=====
* [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/medmaster/a682222.html MedlinePlus] page on cytarabine
* [http://www.aegis.com/factshts/network/access/drugs/cyta.html ADAP drugs] page on cytarabine
* [http://www.bccancer.bc.ca/HPI/DrugDatabase/DrugIndexPro/Cytarabine.htm BC Cancer network] page on cytarabine
* [http://chembank.med.harvard.edu/compounds/display.html?compound_id=1006& Chembank] entry <!--for future image-->
*[http://www.pfeist.net/ALL/arac/ Sea to Ara C] An essay on the history of cytarabine.


==References==
* Dosing Information
* Hobbs J.B. in Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry Vol. 2: (ed. Sammes, Peter G.)  Pergamon Press, 1990
* Männistö P.T., Tuominen R.K. in Farmakologia ja Toksikologia, 5<sup>th</sup> edition: (ed. Koulu, Tuomisto, Paasonen) Medicina, 1996
* Rang H.P., Dale M.M., Ritter J.M.: Pharmacology, 3<sup>rd</sup> edition.  Pearson Professional Ltd, 1995.


{{Chemotherapeutic agents}}
:* Dosage


[[Category:Chemotherapeutic agents]]
<!--Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)-->


[[de:Cytarabin]]
<!--Guideline-Supported Use (Adult)-->
[[fr:Cytarabine]]
|offLabelAdultGuideSupport======Condition1=====
[[ja:シタラビン]]
[[pl:Arabinozyd cytozyny]]


{{WikiDoc Help Menu}}
* Developed by:
{{WikiDoc Sources}}
 
* Class of Recommendation:
 
* Strength of Evidence:
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* Dosage
 
=====Condition2=====
 
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.
 
<!--Non–Guideline-Supported Use (Adult)-->
|offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport======Condition1=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* Dosage
 
=====Condition2=====
 
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.
 
<!--Pediatric Indications and Dosage-->
 
<!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)-->
|fdaLIADPed======Condition1=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* Dosage
 
=====Condition2=====
 
There is limited information regarding <i>FDA-Labeled Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
 
<!--Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)-->
 
<!--Guideline-Supported Use (Pediatric)-->
|offLabelPedGuideSupport======Condition1=====
 
* Developed by:
 
* Class of Recommendation:
 
* Strength of Evidence:
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* Dosage
 
=====Condition2=====
 
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
 
<!--Non–Guideline-Supported Use (Pediatric)-->
|offLabelPedNoGuideSupport======Condition1=====
 
* Dosing Information
 
:* Dosage
 
=====Condition2=====
 
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.
 
<!--Contraindications-->
|contraindications=* Condition1
 
<!--Warnings-->
|warnings=* Description
 
====Precautions====
 
* Description
 
<!--Adverse Reactions-->
 
<!--Clinical Trials Experience-->
|clinicalTrials=There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Trial Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
=====Body as a Whole=====
 
 
 
 
=====Cardiovascular=====
 
 
 
 
=====Digestive=====
 
 
 
 
=====Endocrine=====
 
 
 
 
=====Hematologic and Lymphatic=====
 
 
 
 
=====Metabolic and Nutritional=====
 
 
 
 
=====Musculoskeletal=====
 
 
 
 
=====Neurologic=====
 
 
 
 
=====Respiratory=====
 
 
 
 
=====Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions=====
 
 
 
 
=====Special Senses=====
 
 
 
 
=====Urogenital=====
 
 
 
 
=====Miscellaneous=====
 
 
 
<!--Postmarketing Experience-->
|postmarketing=There is limited information regarding <i>Postmarketing Experience</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
=====Body as a Whole=====
 
 
 
=====Cardiovascular=====
 
 
 
=====Digestive=====
 
 
 
=====Endocrine=====
 
 
 
=====Hematologic and Lymphatic=====
 
 
 
=====Metabolic and Nutritional=====
 
 
 
=====Musculoskeletal=====
 
 
 
=====Neurologic=====
 
 
 
=====Respiratory=====
 
 
 
=====Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions=====
 
 
 
=====Special Senses=====
 
 
 
=====Urogenital=====
 
 
 
=====Miscellaneous=====
 
 
 
<!--Drug Interactions-->
|drugInteractions=* Drug
:* Description
 
<!--Use in Specific Populations-->
|FDAPregCat=
|useInPregnancyFDA=* '''Pregnancy Category'''
|useInPregnancyAUS=* '''Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category'''
 
There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of {{PAGENAME}} in women who are pregnant.
|useInLaborDelivery=There is no FDA guidance on use of {{PAGENAME}} during labor and delivery.
|useInNursing=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to nursing mothers.
|useInPed=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to pediatric patients.
|useInGeri=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to geriatric patients.
|useInGender=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific gender populations.
|useInRace=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} with respect to specific racial populations.
|useInRenalImpair=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with renal impairment.
|useInHepaticImpair=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients with hepatic impairment.
|useInReproPotential=There is no FDA guidance on the use of {{PAGENAME}} in women of reproductive potentials and males.
|useInImmunocomp=There is no FDA guidance one the use of {{PAGENAME}} in patients who are immunocompromised.
 
<!--Administration and Monitoring-->
|administration=* Oral
 
* Intravenous
|monitoring=There is limited information regarding <i>Monitoring</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
* Description
 
<!--IV Compatibility-->
|IVCompat=There is limited information regarding <i>IV Compatibility</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
<!--Overdosage-->
|overdose====Acute Overdose===
 
====Signs and Symptoms====
 
* Description
 
====Management====
 
* Description
 
===Chronic Overdose===
 
There is limited information regarding <i>Chronic Overdose</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
<!--Pharmacology-->
 
<!--Drug box 2-->
|drugBox=<!--Mechanism of Action-->
|mechAction=*
 
<!--Structure-->
|structure=*
 
: [[File:{{PAGENAME}}01.png|thumb|none|600px|This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.]]
 
<!--Pharmacodynamics-->
|PD=There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacodynamics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
<!--Pharmacokinetics-->
|PK=There is limited information regarding <i>Pharmacokinetics</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
<!--Nonclinical Toxicology-->
|nonClinToxic=There is limited information regarding <i>Nonclinical Toxicology</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
<!--Clinical Studies-->
|clinicalStudies=There is limited information regarding <i>Clinical Studies</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
<!--How Supplied-->
|howSupplied=*
|storage=
|packLabel=
<!--Patient Counseling Information-->
|fdaPatientInfo=There is limited information regarding <i>Patient Counseling Information</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in the drug label.
 
<!--Precautions with Alcohol-->
|alcohol=* Alcohol-{{PAGENAME}} interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.
 
<!--Brand Names-->
|brandNames=* ®<ref>{{Cite web | title =  | url =  }}</ref>
 
<!--Look-Alike Drug Names-->
|lookAlike=* A® — B®<ref name="www.ismp.org">{{Cite web  | last =  | first =  | title = http://www.ismp.org | url = http://www.ismp.org | publisher =  | date =  }}</ref>
 
<!--Drug Shortage Status-->
|drugShortage=
}}
{{PillImage
|fileName=No image.jpg
}}
{{LabelImage
|fileName={{PAGENAME}}11.png
}}
{{LabelImage
|fileName={{PAGENAME}}11.png
}}
<!--Pill Image-->
 
 
 
<!--Label Display Image-->
 
 
 
 
 
<!--Category-->
 
[[Category:Drug]]

Revision as of 19:31, 18 December 2014

Cytarabine
Black Box Warning
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];

Disclaimer

WikiDoc MAKES NO GUARANTEE OF VALIDITY. WikiDoc is not a professional health care provider, nor is it a suitable replacement for a licensed healthcare provider. WikiDoc is intended to be an educational tool, not a tool for any form of healthcare delivery. The educational content on WikiDoc drug pages is based upon the FDA package insert, National Library of Medicine content and practice guidelines / consensus statements. WikiDoc does not promote the administration of any medication or device that is not consistent with its labeling. Please read our full disclaimer here.

Black Box Warning

ConditionName:
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
ConditionName:
  • Content

Overview

Cytarabine is a that is FDA approved for the of . There is a Black Box Warning for this drug as shown here. Common adverse reactions include .

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition3
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition4
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Developed by:
  • Class of Recommendation:
  • Strength of Evidence:
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Cytarabine in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Cytarabine in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding FDA-Labeled Use of Cytarabine in pediatric patients.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Developed by:
  • Class of Recommendation:
  • Strength of Evidence:
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Cytarabine in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Cytarabine in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

  • Condition1

Warnings

ConditionName:
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
ConditionName:
  • Content
  • Description

Precautions

  • Description

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

There is limited information regarding Clinical Trial Experience of Cytarabine in the drug label.

Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous

Postmarketing Experience

There is limited information regarding Postmarketing Experience of Cytarabine in the drug label.

Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous

Drug Interactions

  • Drug
  • Description

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA):

  • Pregnancy Category


Pregnancy Category (AUS):

  • Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category

There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Cytarabine in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Cytarabine during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Cytarabine with respect to nursing mothers.

Pediatric Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Cytarabine with respect to pediatric patients.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Cytarabine with respect to geriatric patients.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Cytarabine with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Cytarabine with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Cytarabine in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Cytarabine in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Cytarabine in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Cytarabine in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

  • Oral
  • Intravenous

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Monitoring of Cytarabine in the drug label.

  • Description

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding IV Compatibility of Cytarabine in the drug label.

Overdosage

Acute Overdose

Signs and Symptoms

  • Description

Management

  • Description

Chronic Overdose

There is limited information regarding Chronic Overdose of Cytarabine in the drug label.

Pharmacology

There is limited information regarding Cytarabine Pharmacology in the drug label.

Mechanism of Action

Structure

File:Cytarabine01.png
This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacodynamics of Cytarabine in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacokinetics of Cytarabine in the drug label.

Nonclinical Toxicology

There is limited information regarding Nonclinical Toxicology of Cytarabine in the drug label.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Clinical Studies of Cytarabine in the drug label.

How Supplied

Storage

There is limited information regarding Cytarabine Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

{{#ask: Page Name::Cytarabine |?Pill Name |?Drug Name |?Pill Ingred |?Pill Imprint |?Pill Dosage |?Pill Color |?Pill Shape |?Pill Size (mm) |?Pill Scoring |?NDC |?Drug Author |format=template |template=DrugPageImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Pill Name }}

Package and Label Display Panel

{{#ask: Label Page::Cytarabine |?Label Name |format=template |template=DrugLabelImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Label Page }}

Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Patient Counseling Information of Cytarabine in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

  • Alcohol-Cytarabine interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

Look-Alike Drug Names

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

  1. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  2. ↑ "http://www.ismp.org". External link in |title= (help)

{{#subobject: 

 |Page Name=Cytarabine
 |Pill Name=No image.jpg
 |Drug Name=
 |Pill Ingred=|+sep=;
 |Pill Imprint=
 |Pill Dosage={{{dosageValue}}} {{{dosageUnit}}}
 |Pill Color=|+sep=;
 |Pill Shape=
 |Pill Size (mm)=
 |Pill Scoring=
 |Pill Image=
 |Drug Author=
 |NDC=

}}

{{#subobject: 

 |Label Page=Cytarabine
 |Label Name=Cytarabine11.png

}}

{{#subobject: 

 |Label Page=Cytarabine
 |Label Name=Cytarabine11.png

}}

Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Cytarabine&oldid=1049289"