Hyperreflexia

WikiDoc Resources for Hyperreflexia
Articles
Most recent articles on Hyperreflexia Most cited articles on Hyperreflexia Review articles on Hyperreflexia Articles on Hyperreflexia in N Eng J Med, Lancet, BMJ
Media
Powerpoint slides on Hyperreflexia Images of Hyperreflexia Photos of Hyperreflexia Podcasts & MP3s on Hyperreflexia Videos on Hyperreflexia
Evidence Based Medicine
Cochrane Collaboration on Hyperreflexia Bandolier on Hyperreflexia TRIP on Hyperreflexia
Clinical Trials
Ongoing Trials on Hyperreflexia at Clinical Trials.gov Trial results on Hyperreflexia Clinical Trials on Hyperreflexia at Google
Guidelines / Policies / Govt
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse on Hyperreflexia NICE Guidance on Hyperreflexia NHS PRODIGY Guidance FDA on Hyperreflexia CDC on Hyperreflexia
Books
Books on Hyperreflexia
News
Hyperreflexia in the news Be alerted to news on Hyperreflexia News trends on Hyperreflexia
Commentary
Blogs on Hyperreflexia
Definitions
Definitions of Hyperreflexia
Patient Resources / Community
Patient resources on Hyperreflexia Discussion groups on Hyperreflexia Patient Handouts on Hyperreflexia Directions to Hospitals Treating Hyperreflexia Risk calculators and risk factors for Hyperreflexia
Healthcare Provider Resources
Symptoms of Hyperreflexia Causes & Risk Factors for Hyperreflexia Diagnostic studies for Hyperreflexia Treatment of Hyperreflexia
Continuing Medical Education (CME)
CME Programs on Hyperreflexia
International
Hyperreflexia en Espanol Hyperreflexia en Francais
Business
Hyperreflexia in the Marketplace Patents on Hyperreflexia
Experimental / Informatics
List of terms related to Hyperreflexia

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Hyperreflexia suggests an upper motor neuron dysfunction. Hyperreflexia usually has a positive Babinkski's sign and spasticity. Usually develops over a period of days to weeks (as opposed to immediate presentation).

Causes

Causes In Alphabetical Order.

• Alcohol withdrawal
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
• Anxiety
• Apoplexy
• Athetosis
• Autonomic dystonia
• Brainstem lesions
• Cerebral lesions
• Cervical or thoracic myelopathy
• Compressive myelopathy
• Drugs, toxins
• Electrolyte disorders
• Epidural abscess
• Familial spastic paraparesis
• General paralysis
• Hepatic coma
• Homocystinuria
• Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) associated myelopathy
• Hydrocephalus
• Hyperbaric liquor pressure
• Hyperthyroidism
• Hypocalcemia
• Infantile diplegia
• Intracranial bleeding
• Lithium overdose
• Maple syrup urine disease
• Meningitis
• Monoamine oxide inhibitor overdose
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Parkinsonism
• Perphenazine
• Phenylketonuria
• Poliomyelitis
• Primary lateral sclerosis
• Progressive alcoholic dementia
• Rabies
• Serotonin syndrome
• Spastic spinal paralysis
• Spinal cord infarction
• Spinocerebellar ataxia
• Syringobulbia
• Tetanus
• Thyrotoxicosis

Laboratory Findings

• Calcium
• Lithium
• Drug screen
• Magnesium
• DNA testing
• Serologies for:

  • HTLV-I
  • HIV
  • Rapid plasma reagin (RPR)

Electrolyte and Biomarker Studies

• Electrolytes

MRI and CT

• CT scan for suspected intracranial lesions
• MRI is a better measure for hyperreflexia

Other Diagnostic Studies

• Cerebrospinal fluid analysis (for suspected multiple sclerosis)

Treatment

• Replace electrolytes

Acute Pharmacotherapies

• Antispasicity agents
• Steroids
• Interferon
• Glatiramer acetate
• Mitoxantrone
• Cyproheptadine
• Antiretroviral therapy

Surgery and Device Based Therapy

• Surgical intervention to relieve compression (in compressive myelopathies)
• Syringomyelia may require surgical therapy
• Some congenital conditions may require surgical intervention