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|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
| '''Drug Side Effect'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[vicodin|Acetaminophen and hydrocodone]], [[amiodarone]], [[amyl nitrite]], [[benzocaine]], [[benzodiazepines]], [[beta blockers]], [[bufotenin]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[chloroquine]], [[clonazepam]], [[clorazepate]], [[codeine]], [[dapsone]], [[desmopressin]], [[diazepam]], [[dilaudid]], [[gray baby syndrome]], [[hydrocodone]], [[hydroquinone]], [[ibuprofen]], [[lorazepam]], [[lortab]], [[maternal sedation]], [[meperidine]], [[methadone]], [[metoclopramide]], [[midazolam]], [[morphine]], [[narcotics]], [[nitrates]], [[nitrazepam]], [[nitrites]], [[nitroglycerin]], [[oxazepam]], [[phenazopyridine]], [[phenol]], [[phenothiazines]], [[primaquine ]], [[ribavirin]], [[rifampin]], [[sedatives]], [[sulfonamides]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[vicodin|Acetaminophen and hydrocodone]], [[amiodarone]], [[amyl nitrite]], [[benzocaine]], [[benzodiazepines]], [[beta blockers]], [[bufotenin]], [[chloramphenicol]], [[chloroquine]], [[clonazepam]], [[clorazepate]], [[codeine]], [[dapsone]], [[desmopressin]], [[diazepam]], [[dilaudid]], [[gray baby syndrome]], [[hydrocodone]], [[hydroquinone]], [[ibuprofen]], [[lorazepam]], [[lortab]], maternal sedation, [[meperidine]], [[methadone]], [[metoclopramide]], [[midazolam]], [[morphine]], [[narcotics]], [[nitrates]], [[nitrazepam]], [[nitrites]], [[nitroglycerin]], [[oxazepam]], [[phenazopyridine]], [[phenol]], [[phenothiazines]], [[primaquine ]], [[ribavirin]], [[rifampin]], [[sedatives]], [[sulfonamides]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
| '''Ear Nose Throat'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| No underlying causes
|bgcolor="Beige"|[[Choanal atresia]], [[epiglottitis]], [[laryngomalacia]], [[laryngotracheomalacia]], [[Fryns syndrome|lethal chondrodysplasia Moerman type]], [[Ludwig's angina]], [[macroglossia]], [[microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1]], [[micrognathia]], [[Pierre Robin syndrome]], [[retrognathia]], [[craniofacial anomalies|syndromic microphthalmia type 9]], [[vocal cord paralysis]], [[Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome]]
|-  
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Endocrine'''
| '''Endocrine'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Hypoadrenalism]], [[Neonatal adrenal hemorrhage]], [[Type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Adrenal hemorrhage]], [[congenital hyperinsulinism]], [[hypoadrenalism]], [[hypocalcemia]], [[hypoglycemia]], [[hypomagnesemia]], [[Liddle's syndrome|pseudoaldosteronism]], [[hyperchloremic acidosis|type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism]], [[Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome]], [[Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome]]
|-  
|-  
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Environmental'''
| '''Environmental'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Insect sting allergy]], [[Acrodynia]], [[Chronic mercury exposure]], [[Silicosis ]], [[Anthracosis]], [[Asbestosis]], [[Berylliosis]], [[Pneumoconiosis]], [[Shaver's disease]], [[Silicosiderosis]], [[Silicosis]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Asbestosis]], [[berylliosis]], [[coal worker's pneumoconiosis]], [[cold exposure]], [[hypersensitivity pneumonitis]], [[insect sting allergy]], [[pneumoconiosis]], [[Shaver's disease]], [[pneumoconiosis pathophysiology|silicosiderosis]], [[silicosis]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
| '''Gastroenterologic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Cirrhosis of liver]], [[Ivemark syndrome]]
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Boerhaave syndrome]], [[Cast syndrome]], [[cirrhosis of liver]], [[congenital diaphragmatic hernia]], [[cystic fibrosis]], [[duodenal atresia]], [[esophageal atresia]], [[tracheal disease|tracheal agenesis without tracheoesophageal fistula]], [[tracheoesophageal fistula]]
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
| '''Genetic'''
| '''Genetic'''
|bgcolor="Beige"| [[Acrofacial dysostosis, Rodriguez type]], [[Adams–Oliver syndrome]], [[Al Gazali-Aziz-Salem syndrome]], [[Anophthalmia - pulmonary hypoplasia]], [[Bindewald-Ulmer-Muller syndrome]], [[Congenital cyanosis]], [[Cystic fibrosis]], [[DiGeorge syndrome]], [[Matthew-Wood syndrome]], [[MCOPS9]], [[Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1 ]], [[Pierre Robin's syndrome]], [[Sakati–Nyhan–Tisdale syndrome]], [[Short stature - webbed neck - heart disease]], [[Shprintzen syndorme]], [[Syndromic microphthalmia type 9]], [[Type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism]], [[Velocardiofacial syndrome]], [[Polycythemia vera]], [[Vaquez disease]], [[HMG-CoA lyase deficiency]], [[Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]
|bgcolor="Beige"|  
|-
|-
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"
|-bgcolor="LightSteelBlue"

Revision as of 19:56, 5 February 2015

Cyanosis Microchapters

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Aberrant subclavian artery, acrocyanosis, air embolism, Al Gazali-Aziz-Salem syndrome, alveolar capillary dysplasia , aortic arch defects, aortic coarctation, aortic stenosis, arterial occlusion, atrial myxoma, atrial septal defect, Bindewald-Ulmer-Muller syndrome, Blalock-Taussig shunt, Bland-White-Garland syndrome, blue baby syndrome, cardiac tamponade, cardiomyopathy, Cassirer disease, cholesterol emboli syndrome, cholesterol pneumonia, congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, cor biloculare, cor triatriatum, coronary artery anomaly, critical valvular aortic stenosis, Crocq disease, cyanotic congenital heart disease, deep vein thrombosis, double inlet left ventricle, double outlet right ventricle, Ebstein anomaly, Eisenmenger syndrome, familial pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis, heart attack, hemothorax, hypocalcemia, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, hypovolemia, hypoxemia, idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, intermittent claudication, ischemic heart disease, isolated ventriculoarterial discordance, Ivemark syndrome, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, Kugel-Stoloff syndrome, laryngeal edema, malignancy-related superior vena cava syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Meadows syndrome, mitral atresia in infants, myocardial infarction, partial atrioventricular canal, patent ductus arteriosus, patent foramen ovale, peripartum cardiomyopathy, peripheral arterial disease, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, persistent truncus arteriosus, phlegmasia cerulea dolens, pseudocyanosis, pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, pulmonary venous return anomaly, right ventricle hypoplasia, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, shock, Sneddon syndrome, subpulmonary stenosis, superior vena cava syndrome, TAPVC, Taussig-Bing syndrome, tetralogy of Fallot, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, transposition of the great vessels, tricuspid atresia, tricuspid stenosis, truncus arteriosus, vascular malposition, vascular rings, velocardiofacial syndrome, ventricular septal defect
Chemical / poisoning 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 4-Nitrophenol, anchovy poisoning, aniline, anisidine, antifreeze, apple seed poisoning, apricot seed poisoning, arsine gas, bird cherry seed poisoning, bitter almond seed poisoning, brown snake poisoning, carbamates, chlorate salts, chlorobenzene, chronic mercury exposure, clupeotoxin, cyanide poisoning, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dinitrocresol, dioxathion, disulfoton, endosulfan, epichlorohydrin, ethion, ethylene glycol, ethylene oxide, ethylene, fensulfothion, fenthion, herring poisoning, hydrogen sulfide, iron poisoning, lantana poisoning, lead, malathion, methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, organophosphate poisoning, paraquat, parathion, phosdrin, profenofos, propane, sea snake venom, silver iodide, silver nitrate, silver, smoke inhalation, snakebites, stachybotrys chartarum exposure, strychnine, sulfur dioxide, terbufos, tetraethyl pyrophosphate, tetrodotoxin, thioglycolic acid, trichloroethylene
Dermatologic Acrodynia, Al Gazali-Aziz-Salem syndrome, angioneurotic edema, chromhidrosis
Drug Side Effect Acetaminophen and hydrocodone, amiodarone, amyl nitrite, benzocaine, benzodiazepines, beta blockers, bufotenin, chloramphenicol, chloroquine, clonazepam, clorazepate, codeine, dapsone, desmopressin, diazepam, dilaudid, gray baby syndrome, hydrocodone, hydroquinone, ibuprofen, lorazepam, lortab, maternal sedation, meperidine, methadone, metoclopramide, midazolam, morphine, narcotics, nitrates, nitrazepam, nitrites, nitroglycerin, oxazepam, phenazopyridine, phenol, phenothiazines, primaquine , ribavirin, rifampin, sedatives, sulfonamides
Ear Nose Throat Choanal atresia, epiglottitis, laryngomalacia, laryngotracheomalacia, lethal chondrodysplasia Moerman type, Ludwig's angina, macroglossia, microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1, micrognathia, Pierre Robin syndrome, retrognathia, syndromic microphthalmia type 9, vocal cord paralysis, Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome
Endocrine Adrenal hemorrhage, congenital hyperinsulinism, hypoadrenalism, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, hypomagnesemia, pseudoaldosteronism, type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism, Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome, Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome
Environmental Asbestosis, berylliosis, coal worker's pneumoconiosis, cold exposure, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, insect sting allergy, pneumoconiosis, Shaver's disease, silicosiderosis, silicosis
Gastroenterologic Boerhaave syndrome, Cast syndrome, cirrhosis of liver, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, cystic fibrosis, duodenal atresia, esophageal atresia, tracheal agenesis without tracheoesophageal fistula, tracheoesophageal fistula
Genetic
Hematologic Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia , Methemoglobinemia, Osler-Vaquez disease, Polycythemia vera, Sulfhemoglobinemia, Vaquez disease
Iatrogenic Iatrogenic pneumothorax , Mendelson's syndrome
Infectious Disease Bronchiectasis, Croup, Legionnaires disease, Lung abscess, Streptococcal Group B invasive disease , Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, Western equine encephalitis, Whooping cough, Pneumonia, Acute histoplasmosis
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Diaphragmatic paralysis , Lethal chondrodysplasia Moerman type , Micrognathia, Retrognathia, Lsaacs' syndrome, Neuromyotonia
Neurologic Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, Intracranial hemorrhage, Lsaacs' syndrome, Neuromyotonia, Tonic-clonic seizures, Sneddon syndrome, Diaphragmatic paralysis
Nutritional / Metabolic HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, Hypoglycemia, Hypomagnesemia, Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome
Obstetric/Gynecologic Meadow's syndrome, Peripartum cardiomyopathy, Birth asphyxia, Meconium aspiration, Transient tachypnea of the newborn
Oncologic No underlying causes
Opthalmologic Sneddon syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity Iron, Acetaminophen and hydrocodone, Acetaminophen and propoxyphene, Amiodarone, Beta blockers, Chloroquine, Codeine, Dapsone, Dilaudid, Heroin, Hydrocodone, Lortab, Meperidine, Methadone, Metoclopramide, Morphine, Nitrates, Nitroglycerin, Phenothiazines, Primaquine , Sulfonamides, Acetaminophen and hydrocodone, Morphine
Psychiatric No underlying causes
Pulmonary Acute histoplasmosis, Acute interstitial pneumonitis, Airway obstruction , Alveolar capillary dysplasia , Anthracosis, Asbestosis, Berylliosis, Birth asphyxia, Bronchiolitis, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Bronchospasm, Choanal atresia, Chronic bronchitis, Cold exposure, Congenital laryngomalacia, Decreased oxygen saturation , Emphysema, Epiglottitis, Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Familial interstitial fibrosis , Familial Pulmonary Capillary Hemangiomatosis, Fibrosing alveolitis, Goodpasture syndrome, Hamman-Rich syndrome , Hemothorax, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Idiopathic diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, Idiopathic subglottic tracheal stenosis , Infantile apnea, Laryngeal cleft, Meconium aspiration, Obstructive sleep apnea, Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, Pleural effusion, [, Pneumoconiosis, Pneumonia, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary hemorrhage, Pulmonary hypertension, Respiratory depression, Respiratory distress syndrome, Sarcoidosis, Sepsis, Severe asthma, Severe COPD, Shallow breathing, Shaver's disease, Silicosiderosis, Silicosis, Spontaneous pneumothorax, Suffocation, Surfactant metabolism dysfunction, Tracheal agenesis without tracheoesophageal fistula, Tracheal stenosis syndromes, Tracheoesophageal fistula with out esophageal fistula, Transient tachypnea of the newborn, Unilateral pulmonary agenesis, Unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia, Vascular rings, Pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas, Pierre Robin's syndrome, Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia , Croup, Whooping cough
Renal / Electrolyte No underlying causes
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Lupus, Raynaud's phenomenon, Insect sting allergy, Extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, Sarcoidosis
Sexual Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome
Trauma Drowning, Flial chest, Head trauma, Penetrating chest wound, Shaken baby syndrome
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Dehydration, High altitude, Hypothermia, Immobility, Mountain sickness, Pseudocyanosis, Sudden infant death syndrome, Suffocation

Causes in Alphabetical Order

References

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