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===Causes of Cyanosis Based on Classification===
===Causes of Cyanosis Based on Classification===
====Causes of Central Cyanosis====
====Causes of Central Cyanosis====
{{col-begin|width=80%}}
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[1p36 deletion syndrome]]
*[[trinitrotoluene|2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene]]
*[[4-Nitrophenol]]
*[[Aberrant subclavian artery]]
*[[vicodin|Acetaminophen and hydrocodone]]
*[[Acrodynia]]
*[[Acrofacial dysostosis]]
*[[histoplasmosis|Acute histoplasmosis]]
*[[Acute interstitial pneumonitis]]
*[[Adams-Oliver syndrome]]
*[[Adrenal hemorrhage]]
*[[Air embolism]]
*Air leak syndromes
*[[Airway obstruction ]]
*Al Gazali-Aziz-Salem syndrome
*[[Alveolar capillary dysplasia ]]
*[[Amiodarone]]
*[[Amyl nitrite]]
*[[list of poisonous plants|Anchovy poisoning]]
*[[Angioneurotic edema]]
*[[Aniline]]
*[[Anisidine]]
*[[Anthracosis]]
*[[Antifreeze]]
*[[aortic arch anomalies|Aotic arch defects]]
*[[Aortic coarctation]]
*[[Aortic stenosis]]
*[[Apnea of prematurity]]
*[[list of poisonous plants|Apple seed poisoning]]
*[[list of poisonous plants|Apricot seed poisoning]]
*[[arsine|Arsine gas]]
*[[thromboembolism|Arterial occlusion]]
*[[Asbestosis]]
*[[Aspiration]]
*[[Atelectasis]]
*[[Atrial myxoma]]
*[[Atrial septal defect]]
*[[Bacterial tracheitis]]
*[[Benign familial neonatal convulsions]]
*[[Benzocaine]]
*[[Benzodiazepines]]
*[[Berylliosis]]
*[[Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease]]
*Bindewald-Ulmer-Muller syndrome
*[[list of poisonous plants|Bird cherry seed poisoning]]
*[[Birth asphyxia]]
*[[list of poisonous plants|Bitter almond poisoning]]
*[[Blalock-Taussig shunt]]
*[[Bland-White-Garland syndrome]]
*[[Blood transfusion]]
*[[Blue baby syndrome]]
*[[Boerhaave syndrome]]
*[[Bordetella pertussis]]
*[[Bronchiectasis]]
*[[Bronchiolitis]]
*[[Bronchopulmonary dysplasia]]
*[[Bronchospasm]]
*[[snakebites|Brown snake poisoning]]
*[[Bufotenin]]
*[[Carbamates]]
*[[Cardiac tamponade]]
*[[Cardiomyopathy]]
*[[acrocyanosis|Cassirer disease]]
*[[Cast syndrome]]
*[[Cerebral hypoxia]]
*[[Chloramphenicol]]
*[[Chlorate salts]]
*[[Chlorobenzene]]
*[[Chloroquine]]
*[[Choanal atresia]]
*[[Choking]]
*[[Cholesterol emboli syndrome]]
*[[Cholesterol pneumonia]]
*[[Chromhidrosis]]
*[[22q11.2 deletion syndrome|Chromosome 22q11 deletion]]
*[[Chronic bronchitis]]
*[[mercury|Chronic mercury exposure]]
*[[Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease]]
*[[Chylothorax]]
*[[Cirrhosis of liver]]
*[[Clonazepam]]
*[[Clorazepate]]
*Clupeotoxin
*[[Coal worker's pneumoconiosis]]
*[[Codeine]]
*[[Community-acquired pneumonia]]
*[[Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome]]
*[[Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation]]
*[[Congenital diaphragmatic hernia]]
*[[Congenital heart disease]]
*[[Congenital hyperinsulinism]]
*[[Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia ]]
*[[Congestive heart failure]]
*[[Cor biloculare]]
*[[Cor triatriatum]]
*[[Coronary artery anomaly]]
*[[aortic stenosis|Critical valvular aortic stenosis]]
*[[Crocq disease]]
*[[Croup]]
*[[Cyanide poisoning]]
*[[Cyanotic congenital heart disease]]
*[[Cystic fibrosis]]
*[[Cystic hygroma]]
*[[Dapsone]]
*[[Deep vein thrombosis]]
*[[Dehydration]]
*[[Demeton-S-methyl]]
*[[Desmopressin]]
*Diaphragmatic paralysis
*[[Diazepam]]
*[[Diazinon]]
*[[Dichlorvos]]
*[[Dicrotophos]]
*[[DiGeorge syndrome]]
*[[Dilaudid]]
*[[Dinitrocresol]]
*[[Dioxathion]]
*Diphosphoglycerate mutase deficiency
*[[Disseminated intravascular coagulation]]
*[[Disulfoton]]
*[[Double inlet left ventricle]]
*[[Double outlet right ventricle]]
*[[Drowning]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Drug overdose]]
*[[Duodenal atresia]]
*[[Ebstein anomaly]]
*[[Eisenmenger syndrome]]
*[[Emphysema]]
*[[Empyema]]
*[[Encephalitis]]
*[[Endosulfan]]
*[[Epichlorohydrin]]
*[[Epiglottitis]]
*[[Esophageal atresia]]
*[[Ethion]]
*[[Ethylene]]
*[[Ethylene glycol]]
*[[Ethylene oxide]]
*[[Exercise-induced asthma]]
*[[Extrinsic allergic alveolitis]]
*[[interstitial fibrosis|Familial interstitial fibrosis]]
*[[pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis|Familial pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis]]
*[[Fensulfothion]]
*[[Fenthion]]
*[[Fibrosing alveolitis]]
*[[Flail chest]]
*[[Foreign body aspiration]]
*[[Goodpasture syndrome]]
*[[Gray baby syndrome]]
*[[Hamman-Rich syndrome ]]
*[[strangling|Hanging]]
*[[Head trauma]]
*[[Heart attack]]
*[[Hemoglobinopathy]]
*[[Hemothorax]]
*[[Heroin]]
*[[methylmercury|Herring poisoning]]
*[[High altitude]]
*[[HMG-CoA lyase deficiency]]
*[[Hyaline membrane disease]]
*[[Hydrocodone]]
*[[Hydrogen sulfide]]
*[[Hydroquinone]]
*[[Hypermagnesemia]]
*[[Hypersensitivity pneumonitis]]
*[[Hypoadrenalism]]
*[[Hypocalcemia]]
*[[Hypoglycemia]]
*[[Hypomagnesemia]]
*[[Hypoplastic left heart syndrome]]
*[[Hypoventilation]]
*[[Hypovolemia]]
*[[Hypoxemia]]
*[[Hypoxia (medical)]]
*[[cerebral hypoxia|Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy]]
*[[Ibuprofen]]
*[[idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis|Idiopathic diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis]]
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis]]
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis]]
*[[Idiopathic pulmonary hypertension]]
*[[tracheal stenosis|Idiopathic subglottic tracheal stenosis]]
*[[Immobility]]
*[[Infant respiratory distress syndrome]]
*[[apnea|Infantile apnea]]
*[[Insect sting allergy]]
*[[Intermittent claudication]]
*[[Interrupted aortic arch]]
*[[Interstitial lung disease]]
*[[Intracranial hemorrhage]]
*[[Intraventricular hemorrhage]]
*[[Iron poisoning]]
*[[Isaac's syndrome]]
*[[Ischemic heart disease]]
*Isolated ventriculoarterial discordance
*[[Ivemark syndrome]]
*[[Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome]]
*Kugel-Stoloff syndrome
*[[mimicry|Lantana poisoning]]
*Laryngeal cleft
*[[Laryngeal edema]]
*[[Laryngomalacia]]
*[[Laryngotracheomalacia]]
*[[Lead]]
*[[Legionellosis]]
*[[Legionnaire's disease]]
*[[Fryns syndrome|Lethal chondrodysplasia Moerman type]]
*[[congenital pulmonary anomalies|Lobar emphysema]]
*[[Lorazepam]]
*[[Lortab]]
*[[Ludwig's angina]]
*[[Lung abscess]]
*[[Lupus]]
*[[Macroglossia]]
*[[Malathion]]
*[[superior vena cava syndrome|Malignancy-related superior vena cava syndrome]]
*[[Marfan syndrome]]
*Maternal sedation
*Matthew-Wood syndrome
*[[Meadows syndrome]]
*[[Meconium aspiration syndrome]]
*[[Melioidosis]]
*[[Mendelson's syndrome]]
*[[Meningitis]]
*[[Meperidine]]
*[[Methadone]]
*[[Methemoglobinemia]]
*[[Methidathion]]
*[[Methiocarb]]
*[[Methomyl]]
*[[Metoclopramide]]
*[[Microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1]]
*[[Micrognathia]]
*[[Midazolam]]
*[[mitral atresia|Mitral atresia in infants]]
*[[Monomelic amyotrophy]]
*[[Morphine]]
*[[Mountain sickness]]
*[[Myocardial infarction]]
*[[Narcotics]]
*[[Neuromyotonia]]
*[[Nitrates]]
*[[Nitrazepam]]
*[[Nitrites]]
*[[Nitroglycerin]]
*[[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
*[[Organophosphate poisoning]]
*[[Osler-Vaquez disease]]
*[[Oxazepam]]
*[[Pancoast tumor]]
{{col-break|width=33%}}
*[[Paraquat]]
*[[Parathion]]
*[[atrioventricular canal|Partial atrioventricular canal]]
*[[Patent ductus arteriosus]]
*[[Patent foramen ovale]]
*[[chest trauma|Penetrating chest wounds]]
*[[Pergolide]]
*[[Perinatal asphyxia]]
*[[Peripartum cardiomyopathy]]
*[[Peripheral arterial disease]]
*[[pulmonary hypertension classification|Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn]]
*[[Persistent truncus arteriosus]]
*[[Pertussis]]
*[[Pneumothorax]]
*[[Phenazopyridine]]
*[[Phenol]]
*[[Phenothiazines]]
*[[Phlegmasia alba dolens]]
*[[Phlegmasia cerulea dolens]]
*[[Phosdrin]]
*[[phrenic nerve|Phrenic nerve injury]]
*[[Pickwickian syndrome]]
*[[Pierre Robin syndrome]]
*[[Pleural effusion]]
*[[Pneumoconiosis]]
*[[Pneumonia]]
*[[Pneumothorax]]
*[[Polycythemia vera]]
*[[Primaquine ]]
*[[Profenofos]]
*[[Propane]]
*[[Liddle's syndrome|Pseudoaldosteronism]]
*Pseudocyanosis
*[[Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis]]
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula]]
*[[Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation]]
*[[Pulmonary artery sling]]
*[[Pulmonary atresia]]
*[[Pulmonary edema]]
*[[Pulmonary embolism]]
*[[Pulmonary fibrosis]]
*[[Pulmonary hemorrhage]]
*[[Pulmonary hypertension]]
*[[congenital pulmonary anomalies|Pulmonary hypoplasia]]
*[[Pulmonary stenosis]]
*[[Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease]]
*[[TAPVC|Pulmonary venous return anomaly]]
*[[Respiratory depression]]
*[[Respiratory distress syndrome]]
*[[Respiratory failure]]
*Respiratory muscle paralysis
*[[Retrognathia]]
*[[Ribavirin]]
*[[Rifampin]]
*[[hypoplastic right heart syndrome|Right ventricle hypoplasia]]
*[[Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction]]
*[[Sakati syndrome]]
*[[Sakati-Nyhan-Tisdale syndrome]]
*[[Sarcoidosis]]
*[[snakebites|Sea snake venom]]
*[[Sedatives]]
*[[Seizure]]
*[[Shaken baby syndrome]]
*[[Shaver's disease]]
*[[Shock]]
*[[Shprintzen syndrome]]
*[[pneumoconiosis pathophysiology|Silicosiderosis]]
*[[Silicosis]]
*[[Silver]]
*[[Silver iodide]]
*[[Silver nitrate]]
*[[Sleep apnea]]
*[[Smoke inhalation]]
*[[Snakebites]]
*[[Sneddon syndrome]]
*[[Spontaneous pneumothorax]]
*Stachybotrys chartarum exposure
*[[Streptococcal Group B invasive disease]]
*[[Strychnine]]
*[[pulmonary stenosis|Subpulmonary stenosis]]
*[[Sudden infant death syndrome]]
*[[Suffocation]]
*[[Sulfhemoglobinemia]]
*[[Sulfonamides]]
*[[Sulfur dioxide]]
*[[Superior vena cava syndrome]]
*[[surfactant deficient disease|Surfactant metabolism dysfunction]]
*[[craniofacial anomalies|Syndromic microphthalmia type 9]]
*[[TAPVC]]
*[[Taussig-Bing syndrome]]
*[[Tension pneumothorax]]
*[[Terbufos]]
*[[Tetraethyl Pyrophosphate]]
*[[Tetralogy of Fallot]]
*[[Tetrodotoxin]]
*[[electrical injury|Thermal injury]]
*[[Thioglycolic acid]]
*[[arthrogryposis|Thoracic dystrophy]]
*[[Tonic-clonic seizures]]
*[[Total anomalous pulmonary venous connection]]
*[[tracheal disease|Tracheal agenesis without tracheoesophageal fistula]]
*[[Tracheal stenosis]]
*[[Tracheoesophageal fistula]]
*[[Transient tachypnea of the newborn]]
*[[Transposition of the great vessels]]
*[[Trichloroethylene]]
*[[Tricuspid atresia]]
*[[Tricuspid stenosis]]
*[[Truncus arteriosus]]
*[[hyperchloremic acidosis|Type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism]]
*[[Unilateral pulmonary agenesis]]
*[[congenital pulmonary anomalies|Unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia]]
*[[polycythemia vera|Vaquez disease]]
*Vascular malposition
*[[Vascular rings]]
*[[Vein of Galen|Vein of Galen aneurysm]]
*[[Velocardiofacial syndrome]]
*[[Ventricular septal defect]]
*[[VLCAD deficiency]]
*[[Vocal cord paralysis]]
*[[Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome]]
*[[Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome]]
*[[Werdnig-Hoffman disease]]
*[[Western equine encephalitis]]
*[[Whooping cough]]
{{col-end}}


====Causes of Peripheral Cyanosis====
====Causes of Peripheral Cyanosis====

Revision as of 18:27, 11 February 2015

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Ogheneochuko Ajari, MB.BS, MS [2]

Overview

Cyanosis occur because of lack of oxygen in the blood and often due to a circulatory or ventilatory problem that leads to poor blood oxygenation in the lungs (central cyanosis) or due to inadequate circulation to the extremities (peripheral cyanosis). Cyanosis is commonly caused by respiratory disorders and it is also seen in a wide variety of cardiac and vascular disorders and the management depends on the causative factor.

Causes

Life Threatening Causes

Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated.

Common Causes

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular Aberrant subclavian artery, acrocyanosis, air embolism, Al Gazali-Aziz-Salem syndrome, alveolar capillary dysplasia , aortic arch defects, aortic coarctation, aortic stenosis, arterial occlusion, atrial myxoma, atrial septal defect, Bindewald-Ulmer-Muller syndrome, Blalock-Taussig shunt, Bland-White-Garland syndrome, blue baby syndrome, Buergers disease, cardiac tamponade, cardiomyopathy, Cassirer disease, cholesterol emboli syndrome, cholesterol pneumonia, congenital heart disease, congestive heart failure, cor biloculare, cor triatriatum, coronary artery anomaly, critical valvular aortic stenosis, Crocq disease, cyanotic congenital heart disease, deep vein thrombosis, double inlet left ventricle, double outlet right ventricle, Ebstein anomaly, Eisenmenger syndrome, familial pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis, heart attack, hemothorax, hypocalcemia, hypoplastic left heart syndrome, hypovolemia, hypoxemia, idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, intermittent claudication, ischemic heart disease, isolated ventriculoarterial discordance, Ivemark syndrome, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, Kugel-Stoloff syndrome, laryngeal edema, malignancy-related superior vena cava syndrome, Marfan syndrome, Meadows syndrome, mitral atresia in infants, myocardial infarction, partial atrioventricular canal, patent ductus arteriosus, patent foramen ovale, peripartum cardiomyopathy, peripheral arterial disease, persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, persistent truncus arteriosus, phlegmasia cerulea dolens, pseudocyanosis, pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary stenosis, pulmonary veno-occlusive disease, pulmonary venous return anomaly, right ventricle hypoplasia, right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, shock, Sneddon syndrome, subpulmonary stenosis, superior vena cava syndrome, TAPVC, Taussig-Bing syndrome, tetralogy of Fallot, total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, transposition of the great vessels, tricuspid atresia, tricuspid stenosis, truncus arteriosus, vascular malposition, vascular rings, velocardiofacial syndrome, ventricular septal defect
Chemical / poisoning 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, 4-Nitrophenol, anchovy poisoning, aniline, anisidine, antifreeze, apple seed poisoning, apricot seed poisoning, arsine gas, bird cherry seed poisoning, bitter almond seed poisoning, brown snake poisoning, carbamates, chlorate salts, chlorobenzene, chronic mercury exposure, clupeotoxin, cyanide poisoning, demeton-S-methyl, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dinitrocresol, dioxathion, disulfoton, endosulfan, epichlorohydrin, ethion, ethylene glycol, ethylene oxide, ethylene, fensulfothion, fenthion, herring poisoning, hydrogen sulfide, iron poisoning, lantana poisoning, lead, malathion, methidathion, methiocarb, methomyl, organophosphate poisoning, paraquat, parathion, phosdrin, profenofos, propane, sea snake venom, silver iodide, silver nitrate, silver, smoke inhalation, snakebites, stachybotrys chartarum exposure, strychnine, sulfur dioxide, terbufos, tetraethyl pyrophosphate, tetrodotoxin, thioglycolic acid, trichloroethylene
Dermatologic Acrodynia, Al Gazali-Aziz-Salem syndrome, angioneurotic edema, chromhidrosis
Drug Side Effect Acetaminophen and hydrocodone, amiodarone, amyl nitrite, benzocaine, benzodiazepines, beta blockers, bufotenin, chloramphenicol, chloroquine, clonazepam, clorazepate, codeine, dapsone, desmopressin, diazepam, dilaudid, gray baby syndrome, hydrocodone, hydroquinone, ibuprofen, lorazepam, lortab, maternal sedation, meperidine, methadone, metoclopramide, midazolam, morphine, narcotics, nitrates, nitrazepam, nitrites, nitroglycerin, oxazepam, phenazopyridine, phenol, phenothiazines, primaquine , ribavirin, rifampin, sedatives, sulfonamides
Ear Nose Throat Choanal atresia, epiglottitis, laryngomalacia, laryngotracheomalacia, lethal chondrodysplasia Moerman type, Ludwig's angina, macroglossia, microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1, micrognathia, Pierre Robin syndrome, retrognathia, syndromic microphthalmia type 9, vocal cord paralysis, Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome
Endocrine Adrenal hemorrhage, congenital hyperinsulinism, hypoadrenalism, hypocalcemia, hypoglycemia, hypomagnesemia, pseudoaldosteronism, type 1 pseudohypoaldosteronism, Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome, Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome
Environmental Asbestosis, berylliosis, coal worker's pneumoconiosis, cold exposure, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, insect sting allergy, pneumoconiosis, Shaver's disease, silicosiderosis, silicosis
Gastroenterologic Boerhaave syndrome, Cast syndrome, cirrhosis of liver, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, cystic fibrosis, duodenal atresia, esophageal atresia, tracheal agenesis without tracheoesophageal fistula, tracheoesophageal fistula
Genetic 1p36 deletion syndrome, acrocephalopolysyndactyly, acrofacial dysostosis, benign familial neonatal convulsions, chromosome 22q11 deletion, cystic fibrosis, DiGeorge syndrome, HMG-CoA lyase deficiency, Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome, Marfan syndrome, microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1 , Sakati syndrome, Sakati-Nyhan-Tisdale syndrome, Shprintzen syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome, VLCAD deficiency, Werdnig-Hoffman disease
Hematologic Blood transfusion, cystic hygroma, deep vein thrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, hemoglobinopathy, methemoglobinemia, Osler-Vaquez disease, phlegmasia alba dolens, phlegmasia cerulea dolens, polycythemia vera, pulmonary embolism, sulfhemoglobinemia, Vaquez disease
Iatrogenic Mendelson's syndrome
Infectious Disease Acute histoplasmosis, anthracosis, bacterial tracheitis, bordetella pertussis, epiglottitis, legionellosis, legionnaire's disease, Ludwig's angina, melioidosis, meningitis, pertussis, sepsis, streptococcal group B invasive disease , Waterhouse-Friederichsen syndrome, western equine encephalitis, whooping cough
Musculoskeletal / Ortho Adams–Oliver syndrome, Al Gazali-Aziz-Salem syndrome, Bindewald-Ulmer-Muller syndrome, Isaac's syndrome, lethal chondrodysplasia Moerman type, microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism type 1, neuromyotonia, thoracic dystrophy
Neurologic Adams-Oliver syndrome, benign familial neonatal convulsions, Bindewald-Ulmer-Muller syndrome, birth asphyxia, cerebral hypoxia, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, encephalitis, head trauma, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, intracranial hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, Isaac's syndrome, meningitis, monomelic amyotrophy, mountain sickness, neuromyotonia, obstructive sleep apnea, perinatal asphyxia, phrenic nerve injury, seizure, sleep apnea, sudden infant death syndrome, suffocation, tonic-clonic seizures, vein of Galen aneurysm, vocal cord paralysis, Werdnig-Hoffman disease, western equine encephalitis
Nutritional / Metabolic Dehydration, diphosphoglycerate mutase deficiency, HMG-CoA lyase deficiency
Obstetric/Gynecologic Meadows syndrome, Mendelson's syndrome, peripartum cardiomyopathy
Oncologic Cystic hygroma, malignancy-related superior vena cava syndrome, Osler-Vaquez disease, Pancoast tumor, polycythemia vera, Vaquez disease
Opthalmologic Matthew-Wood syndrome, Sneddon syndrome, Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome
Overdose / Toxicity Drug overdose, heroin, phosdrin
Psychiatric Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, shaken baby syndrome
Pulmonary Acrocyanosis, acute interstitial pneumonitis, air leak syndromes, airway obstruction, alveolar capillary dysplasia, angioneurotic edema, apnea of prematurity, aspiration, asthma, atelectasis, bacterial tracheitis, Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease, bronchiectasis, bronchiolitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, bronchospasm, Cassirer disease, cholesterol pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chylothorax, community-acquired pneumonia, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome, congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation, congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasia, Crocq disease, croup, cystic fibrosis, diaphragmatic paralysis, emphysema, empyema, epiglottitis, erythrocyanosis, exercise-induced asthma, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, familial interstitial fibrosis , familial pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis, fibrosing alveolitis, flail chest, foreign body aspiration, Hamman-Rich syndrome , hemothorax, hyaline membrane disease, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, hypoventilation, hypoxemia, hypoxia (medical), idiopathic diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis, idiopathic pulmonary hypertension, idiopathic subglottic tracheal stenosis , infant respiratory distress syndrome, infantile apnea, interstitial lung disease, laryngeal cleft, laryngeal edema, laryngomalacia, laryngotracheomalacia, lethal chondrodysplasia Moerman type , lobar emphysema, lung abscess, Matthew-Wood syndrome, meconium aspiration syndrome, Mendelson's syndrome, mountain sickness, obstructive sleep apnea, Pancoast tumor, perinatal asphyxia, Pickwickian syndrome, Pierre Robin syndrome, pleural effusion, pneumoconiosis, pneumonia, pneumothorax, pseudocyanosis, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, pulmonary arteriovenous fistula, pulmonary arteriovenous malformation, pulmonary artery sling, pulmonary atresia, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, pulmonary fibrosis, pulmonary hemorrhage, pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary hypoplasia, respiratory depression, respiratory distress syndrome, respiratory failure, respiratory muscle paralysis, sarcoidosis, Shaver's disease, sleep apnea, smoke inhalation, spontaneous pneumothorax, sudden infant death syndrome, suffocation, surfactant metabolism dysfunction, tension pneumothorax, tracheal agenesis without tracheoesophageal fistula, tracheal stenosis, tracheoesophageal fistula, transient tachypnea of the newborn, unilateral pulmonary agenesis, unilateral pulmonary hypoplasia, whooping cough
Renal / Electrolyte Cholesterol emboli syndrome, dehydration, Goodpasture syndrome, hypermagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia
Rheum / Immune / Allergy Angioneurotic edema, Besnier-Boeck-Schaumann disease, Buergers disease, DiGeorge syndrome, extrinsic allergic alveolitis, Goodpasture syndrome, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, insect sting allergy, laryngeal edema, lupus, Raynaud's disease, Raynaud's phenomenon, sarcoidosis, Shprintzen syndrome, velocardiofacial syndrome
Sexual Weinstein Kliman Scully syndrome
Trauma Flail chest, head trauma, hemothorax, penetrating chest wounds, shaken baby syndrome, thermal injury,
Urologic No underlying causes
Dental No underlying causes
Miscellaneous Choking, drowning, hanging, high altitude, hypothermia, immobility

Causes in Alphabetical Order

Causes of Cyanosis Based on Classification

Causes of Central Cyanosis

Causes of Peripheral Cyanosis

References

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