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'''Methylcellulose''' (or '''methyl cellulose''') is a [[chemical compound]] derived from [[cellulose]]. It is a [[hydrophile|hydrophilic]] white powder in pure form and dissolves in cold (but not in hot) water, forming a clear viscous solution or gel. It is sold under a variety of trade names and is used as a thickener and [[emulsifier]] in various food and cosmetic products, and also as a treatment of [[constipation]]. Like cellulose, it is not digestible, not toxic, and not [[allergenic]].
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== Chemistry ==
* Content


Chemically, methylcellulose is a [[methyl]] [[ether]] of cellulose, arising from substituting the [[hydrogen]] atoms of some of cellulose's [[hydroxyl group]]s  -OH with [[methyl group]]s -CH<sub>3</sub>, forming -OCH<sub>3</sub> groups.
<!--Adult Indications and Dosage-->


Different kinds of methylcellulose can be prepared depending on the number of hydroxyl groups so substituted. Cellulose is a [[polymer]] consisting of numerous linked [[glucose]] molecules, each of which exposes three hydroxyl groups. The ''Degree of Substitution'' (DS) of a given form of methylcellulose is defined as the average number of substituted hydroxyl groups per glucose. The theoretical maximum is thus a DS of 3.0, however more typical values are 1.3 - 2.6.
<!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)-->
|fdaLIADAdult======Condition1=====


Different methylcellulose preparations can also differ in the average length of their polymer backbones.
* Dosing Information


Methylcellulose does not occur naturally and is synthetically produced by heating cellulose with caustic solution (e.g. a solution of [[sodium hydroxide]]) and treating it with [[methyl chloride]].
:* Dosage


The [[CAS registry number|CAS number]] of methylcellulose is 9004-67-5.
=====Condition2=====


== Solubility and temperature ==
* Dosing Information


Methylcellulose [[solubility|dissolves]] in cold water. Higher DS-values result in lower solubility, because the [[polar molecule|polar]] hydroxyl groups are masked. The chemical is not soluble in hot water, which has the paradoxical effect that heating a saturated solution of methylcellulose will turn it solid, because methylcellulose will [[precipitation (chemistry)|precipitate]] out. The temperature at which this occurs depends on DS-value, with higher DS-values giving lower precipitation temperatures.
:* Dosage


Preparing a solution of methylcellulose with cold water is difficult however: as the powder comes into contact with water, a gluey layer forms around it, and the inside remains dry. A better way is to first mix the powder with hot water, so that the methylcellulose particles are well dispersed in the water, and cool down this [[dispersion]] while stirring, leading to the dissolution of those particles.
=====Condition3=====


== Uses ==
* Dosing Information


Methylcellulose has an extremely wide range of uses, of which several are described below.
:* Dosage


=== Scientifically Advanced Cookery ===
=====Condition4=====


Methylcellulose, as a [[gel]], has the unique property of setting when hot and [[melting]] when cold. This technique is currently being developed at the [[University of Nottingham]], in co-ordination with leading culinary alchemist [[Heston Blumenthal]]. Blumenthal's wishes were to "make a warm 'ice cream' or 'ice lolly' on a stick, which the customer will have to eat before it cools down and melts.".
* Dosing Information
=== Thickener and emulsifier ===


Methylcellulose is often added to [[Shampoo|hair shampoo]]s, [[tooth paste]]s and liquid soaps, to generate their characteristic thick consistency. This it also done for foods, for example [[ice cream]] or whipped cream. Methylcellulose is also an important [[emulsifier]], preventing the separation of two mixed liquids.
:* Dosage


The [[E number]] of methylcellulose as food additive is E461.
<!--Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)-->


=== Treatment of constipation ===
<!--Guideline-Supported Use (Adult)-->
|offLabelAdultGuideSupport======Condition1=====


When eaten, methylcellulose is not absorbed by the intestines but passes through the digestive tract undisturbed. It attracts large amounts of water into the [[Colon (anatomy)|colon]], producing a softer and bulkier stool. It is used to treat [[constipation]], [[diverticulosis]], [[hemorrhoids]] and [[irritable bowel syndrome]]. It should be taken with sufficient amounts of fluid to prevent [[dehydration]].
* Developed by:


Because it absorbs water and potentially toxic materials and increases viscosity, it can also be used to treat [[diarrhea]].
* Class of Recommendation:


A well-known trade name of methylcellulose when used as a drug is '''Citrucel''' by [[GlaxoSmithKline]], but [[generic drug|generic versions]] are also widely available.
* Strength of Evidence:


=== Lubricant ===
* Dosing Information


Methylcellulose is used as a variable [[viscosity]] personal lubricant; it is the main ingredient in [[K-Y Jelly]].
:* Dosage


=== Artificial tears and saliva ===
=====Condition2=====


Solutions containing methylcellulose or similar cellulose derivatives (see below) are used as substitute for [[tears]] or [[saliva]] if the natural production of these fluids is disturbed.
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.


=== Paper and textile sizing ===
<!--Non–Guideline-Supported Use (Adult)-->
|offLabelAdultNoGuideSupport======Condition1=====


Methylcellulose is used as [[sizing]] in the production of papers and textiles. It protects the fibers from absorbing water or oil.
* Dosing Information


=== Glue and binder ===
:* Dosage
Methylcellulose can be employed as a mild [[glue]] which can be washed away with water. This is used for example in the fixation of delicate pieces of art.


Methylcellulose is the main ingredient in many [[wallpaper]] pastes.
=====Condition2=====


It is also used as a binder in [[pastel|pastel crayons]].
There is limited information regarding <i>Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in adult patients.


Methylcellulose is used in book conservation to loosen and clean off old glue from spines and bookboards.
<!--Pediatric Indications and Dosage-->


=== Construction materials ===
<!--FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)-->
|fdaLIADPed======Condition1=====


Methylcellulose finds a major application in construction materials. It is added to [[mortar (masonry)|mortar]] dry mixes to improve the mortar's properties such as water retention, viscosity, adhesion to surfaces etc.
* Dosing Information


=== Cell culture/virology ===
:* Dosage


Methylcellulose is also used in [[cell culture]] to study [[Virus|viral]] replication.  Methylcellulose is dissolved in the same nutrient containing [[Growth medium|media]] that cells are normally grown in.  A [[Monolayer#Biology|single layer of cells]] are grown on a flat surface, then infected with a virus for a short time. The strength of the viral sample used will determine how many cells get infected during this time.  The thick methylcellulose media is then added on top of the cells in place of normal liquid media.  As the viruses replicate in the infected cells they are able to spread between cells whose membrances touch each other, but are trapped when they enter the methylcellulose. Only cells closely neighboring an infected cell will become infected and die.  This leaves small regions of dead cells called [[Viral plaque|plaques]] in a larger background of living uninfected cells.  The number of plaques formed is determined by the strength of the original sample.
=====Condition2=====


=== Special effects ===
There is limited information regarding <i>FDA-Labeled Use</i> of {{PAGENAME}} in pediatric patients.


The slimy, gooey appearance of an appropriate preparation of methylcellulose with water, in addition to its non-toxic, non-allergenic, and edible properties, makes it popular for use in special effects for [[motion picture]]s and [[television]] wherever vile slimes must be simulated.  In the film ''[[Ghostbusters]],'' for example, the gooey substance that supernatural entities used to “slime” the Ghostbusters was mostly a thick water solution of methylcellulose.
<!--Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)-->


== Related compounds ==
<!--Guideline-Supported Use (Pediatric)-->
|offLabelPedGuideSupport======Condition1=====


Similar compounds derived from cellulose include [[carboxymethyl cellulose]] and [[hydroxypropyl cellulose]]. See: [[:Category:Cellulose]].
* Developed by:  


== References ==
* Class of Recommendation:


* Cathleen Baker (1982). [http://aic.stanford.edu/sg/bpg/annual/v01/bp01-04.html Methylcellulose & Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose: Uses in Paper Conservation]. The Book and Paper Group Annual, Vol 1, 1982
* Strength of Evidence:  


[[Category:Cellulose]]
* Dosing Information
[[Category:Laxatives]]
[[Category:Edible thickening agents]]
[[Category:Personal lubricants]]


[[de:Methylcellulose]]
:* Dosage
[[fr:Méthylcellulose]]
 
[[pl:Metyloceluloza]]
=====Condition2=====
[[uk:Метилцелюлоза]]
 
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Revision as of 15:19, 18 February 2015

Methylcellulose
Black Box Warning
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1];

Disclaimer

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Black Box Warning

ConditionName:
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
ConditionName:
  • Content

Overview

Methylcellulose is a {{{drugClass}}} that is FDA approved for the treatment of {{{indication}}}. There is a Black Box Warning for this drug as shown here. Common adverse reactions include .

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition3
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition4
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Developed by:
  • Class of Recommendation:
  • Strength of Evidence:
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Methylcellulose in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Methylcellulose in adult patients.

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding FDA-Labeled Use of Methylcellulose in pediatric patients.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Developed by:
  • Class of Recommendation:
  • Strength of Evidence:
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Methylcellulose in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Condition1
  • Dosing Information
  • Dosage
Condition2

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Methylcellulose in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

  • Condition1

Warnings

ConditionName:
See full prescribing information for complete Boxed Warning.
ConditionName:
  • Content
  • Description

Precautions

  • Description

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

There is limited information regarding Clinical Trial Experience of Methylcellulose in the drug label.

Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous

Postmarketing Experience

There is limited information regarding Postmarketing Experience of Methylcellulose in the drug label.

Body as a Whole
Cardiovascular
Digestive
Endocrine
Hematologic and Lymphatic
Metabolic and Nutritional
Musculoskeletal
Neurologic
Respiratory
Skin and Hypersensitivy Reactions
Special Senses
Urogenital
Miscellaneous

Drug Interactions

  • Drug
  • Description

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA):

  • Pregnancy Category


Pregnancy Category (AUS):

  • Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) Pregnancy Category

There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Methylcellulose in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

There is no FDA guidance on use of Methylcellulose during labor and delivery.

Nursing Mothers

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Methylcellulose with respect to nursing mothers.

Pediatric Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Methylcellulose with respect to pediatric patients.

Geriatic Use

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Methylcellulose with respect to geriatric patients.

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Methylcellulose with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Methylcellulose with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Methylcellulose in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Methylcellulose in patients with hepatic impairment.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Methylcellulose in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Methylcellulose in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

  • Oral
  • Intravenous

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Monitoring of Methylcellulose in the drug label.

  • Description

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding IV Compatibility of Methylcellulose in the drug label.

Overdosage

Acute Overdose

Signs and Symptoms

  • Description

Management

  • Description

Chronic Overdose

There is limited information regarding Chronic Overdose of Methylcellulose in the drug label.

Pharmacology

There is limited information regarding Methylcellulose Pharmacology in the drug label.

Mechanism of Action

Structure

File:Methylcellulose01.png
This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

Pharmacodynamics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacodynamics of Methylcellulose in the drug label.

Pharmacokinetics

There is limited information regarding Pharmacokinetics of Methylcellulose in the drug label.

Nonclinical Toxicology

There is limited information regarding Nonclinical Toxicology of Methylcellulose in the drug label.

Clinical Studies

There is limited information regarding Clinical Studies of Methylcellulose in the drug label.

How Supplied

Storage

There is limited information regarding Methylcellulose Storage in the drug label.

Images

Drug Images

{{#ask: Page Name::Methylcellulose |?Pill Name |?Drug Name |?Pill Ingred |?Pill Imprint |?Pill Dosage |?Pill Color |?Pill Shape |?Pill Size (mm) |?Pill Scoring |?NDC |?Drug Author |format=template |template=DrugPageImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Pill Name }}

Package and Label Display Panel

{{#ask: Label Page::Methylcellulose |?Label Name |format=template |template=DrugLabelImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Label Page }}

Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Patient Counseling Information of Methylcellulose in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

  • Alcohol-Methylcellulose interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

Look-Alike Drug Names

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.

  1. ↑ Empty citation (help)
  2. ↑ "http://www.ismp.org". External link in |title= (help)

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