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| {{drugbox
| | #REDIRECT[[Cromolyn]] |
| | IUPAC_name = 5-[3-(2-carboxy-4-oxo-chromen-6-yl) oxy-2-hydroxy-propoxy]- 4-oxo-chromene-2-carboxylic acid
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| | image = cromoglicate.png
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| | CAS_number = 16110-51-3
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| | ATC_prefix = R03
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| | ATC_suffix = BC01
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| | ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|R01|AC01}} {{ATC|A07|EB01}}
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| | PubChem = 27686
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| | DrugBank = APRD00336
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| | C=23 | H=16 | O=11
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| | molecular_weight = 468.367 g/mol
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| | bioavailability = 1%
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| | protein_bound =
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| | metabolism =
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| | elimination_half-life = 1.3 hours
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| | excretion =
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| | pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X -->
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| | pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X -->
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| | pregnancy_category =
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| | legal_AU = <!-- Unscheduled / S2 / S4 / S8 -->
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| | legal_CA =
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| | legal_UK = <!-- see expanded description below -->
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| | legal_US = <!-- OTC / Rx-only -->
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| | legal_status = inhaler POM, eye OTC<small>([[United Kingdom|UK]])</small>
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| | routes_of_administration = topical: oral, nasal spray, inhaled, eye drops
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| }}
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| {{SI}}
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| {{CMG}}
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| ==Overview==
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| '''Cromoglicate''' ([[International Nonproprietary Name|INN]]) (also referred to as '''cromolyn''' (USAN) or '''cromoglycate''' (former [[British Approved Name|BAN]])) is traditionally described as a [[mast cell stabilizer]], and is commonly marketed as the sodium salt '''sodium cromoglicate''' or '''cromolyn sodium'''. This drug prevents the release of [[inflammation|inflammatory]] chemicals such as [[histamine]] from [[mast cell]]s.
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| ==Uses==
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| It is available as a nasal spray (Rynacrom®(UK), Nasalcrom®) to treat [[allergic rhinitis]], as an inhaler (Intal®) for preventive management of [[asthma]], as [[eye drop]]s (Opticrom® and Optrex Allergy® (UK), Crolom®) for [[allergic conjunctivitis]], or in an oral form (Gastrocrom®) to treat [[mastocytosis]], [[dermatographic urticaria]] and [[ulcerative colitis]]<!-- see DrugBank link above-->.
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| Sodium cromoglicate has also been shown to reduce symptoms of food allergies, including some cases of chronic migraines.
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| ==Mechanism of action==
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| The underlying [[mechanism of action]] is not fully understood; for while cromoglicate stabilizes mast cells, this mechanism is probably not why it works in asthma. Pharmaceutical companies have produced 20 related compounds that are equally or more potent at stabilising mast cells and none of them have shown any anti-asthmatic effect. It is more likely that these work by inhibiting the response of sensory C fibres to the irritant capsacin, inhibiting local axon reflexes involved in asthma, and may inhibit the release of preformed T cell cytokines and mediators involved in asthma. (see review by Garland, 1991)
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| ==Allergic reactions==
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| Allegic reactions may include severe rash internally and externally.
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| It is known to somewhat inhibit [[chloride channels]] (37% +/- 7%) <ref>{{cite journal
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| | quotes =
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| | first = S
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| | last = Heinke
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| | coauthors = Szucs G, Norris A, Droogmans G, Nilius B
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| | year = 1995
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| | month = August
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| | title = Inhibition of volume-activated chloride currents in endothelial cells by chromones
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| | journal = Br J Pharmacol.
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| | volume = 115(8)
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| | pages = 1393-8
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| | id = PMID 8564197
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| }}</ref> and thus ''may'' inhibit the:
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| * exaggerated neuronal reflexes triggered by stimulation of irritant receptors on sensory nerve endings (e.g. exercise-induced asthma)
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| * release of preformed [[cytokines]] from several type of inflammatory cells ([[T cell]]s, [[Eosinophil granulocyte|eosinophils]]) in allergen-induced asthma
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| Note: Another chemical (NPPB (5-nitro-2(3-phenyl) propylamino-benzoic acid)) was shown, in the same study, to be a more effective chloride channel blocker.
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| Finally it may act by inhibiting calcium influx.<!-- see DrugBank link above-->
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| Cromoglicate is classified as a [[chromone]].
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist|2}}
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| {{Antidiarrheals, intestinal anti-inflammatory/anti-infective agents}}
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| {{Nasal preparations}}
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| {{Asthma and copd rx}}
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| [[Category:Mast cell stabilizers]]
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| [[Category:Pulmonology]]
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| [[Category:Drug]] | |
| <br>
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