Hydroxyprogesterone caproate: Difference between revisions

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Applying pressure to the [[injection site]] may minimize [[bruising]] and [[swelling]].
Applying pressure to the [[injection site]] may minimize [[bruising]] and [[swelling]].
Discard any unused product 5 weeks after first use.
Discard any unused product 5 weeks after first use.
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| verifiedrevid = 477198932
| IUPAC_name = [(8''R'',9''S'',10''R'',13''S'',14''S'',17''R'')-17-acetyl-10,13-dimethyl-<br>3-oxo-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-<br>1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] hexanoate
| image = Hydroxyprogesterone caproate.png
<!--Clinical data-->
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| pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B            / C / D / X -->
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| legal_US = <!-- OTC                  / Rx-only  / Schedule I, II, III, IV, V -->
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<!--Identifiers-->
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
| CAS_number = 630-56-8
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| PubChem = 169870
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| C=27 | H=40 | O=4
| molecular_weight = 428.6041 g/mol
| smiles = O=C4\C=C2/[C@]([C@H]1CC[C@@]3([C@@](OC(=O)CCCCC)(C(=O)C)CC[C@H]3[C@@H]1CC2)C)(C)CC4
| InChI = 1/C27H40O4/c1-5-6-7-8-24(30)31-27(18(2)28)16-13-23-21-10-9-19-17-20(29)11-14-25(19,3)22(21)12-15-26(23,27)4/h17,21-23H,5-16H2,1-4H3/t21-,22+,23+,25+,26+,27+/m1/s1
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| StdInChI = 1S/C27H40O4/c1-5-6-7-8-24(30)31-27(18(2)28)16-13-23-21-10-9-19-17-20(29)11-14-25(19,3)22(21)12-15-26(23,27)4/h17,21-23H,5-16H2,1-4H3/t21-,22+,23+,25+,26+,27+/m1/s1
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|mechAction=* Hydroxyprogesterone caproate is a synthetic [[progestin]]. The mechanism by which hydroxyprogesterone caproate reduces the risk recurrent preterm birth is not known.
|mechAction=* Hydroxyprogesterone caproate is a synthetic [[progestin]]. The mechanism by which hydroxyprogesterone caproate reduces the risk recurrent preterm birth is not known.
|structure=* The active pharmaceutical ingredient in Makena is hydroxyprogesterone caproate.
|structure=* The active pharmaceutical ingredient in Makena is hydroxyprogesterone caproate.

Revision as of 18:25, 31 March 2015

Hydroxyprogesterone caproate
Adult Indications & Dosage
Pediatric Indications & Dosage
Contraindications
Warnings & Precautions
Adverse Reactions
Drug Interactions
Use in Specific Populations
Administration & Monitoring
Overdosage
Pharmacology
Clinical Studies
How Supplied
Images
Patient Counseling Information
Precautions with Alcohol
Brand Names
Look-Alike Names

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Adeel Jamil, M.D. [2]

Disclaimer

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Overview

Hydroxyprogesterone caproate is a progestin and endocrine-metabolic agent that is FDA approved for the treatment of indicated to reduce the risk of preterm birth in women with a singleton pregnancy who have a history of singleton spontaneous preterm birth.. Common adverse reactions include injection site reactions, pain, swelling, pruritus, nodule, urticaria, nausea, and diarrhea..

Adult Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Adult)

Dosing Information

  • Administer intramuscularly at a dose of 250 mg (1 mL) once weekly (every 7 days) by a healthcare provider
  • Begin treatment between 16 weeks, 0 days and 20 weeks, 6 days of gestation

Continue administration once weekly until week 37 (through 36 weeks, 6 days) of gestation or delivery, whichever occurs first.

Preparation and Administration
  • Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. Makena is a clear, yellow solution. Do not use if solid particles appear or if the solution is cloudy.
  • Instructions for administration:
  • Clean the vial top with an alcohol swab before use.
  • Draw up 1 mL of drug into a 3 mL syringe with an 18 gauge needle.
  • Change the needle to a 21 gauge 1 1/2 inch needle.
  • After preparing the skin, inject in the upper outer quadrant of the gluteus maximus. The solution is viscous and oily. Slow injection (over one minute or longer) is recommended.
  • Applying pressure to the injection site may minimize bruising and swelling.

Discard any unused product 5 weeks after first use.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Adult)

Guideline-Supported Use

  • There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Hydroxyprogesterone caproate in adult patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

Pediatric Indications and Dosage

FDA-Labeled Indications and Dosage (Pediatric)

There is limited information regarding FDA-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Hydroxyprogesterone caproate in pediatric patients.

Off-Label Use and Dosage (Pediatric)

Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Guideline-Supported Use of Hydroxyprogesterone caproate in pediatric patients.

Non–Guideline-Supported Use

There is limited information regarding Off-Label Non–Guideline-Supported Use of Hydroxyprogesterone caproate in pediatric patients.

Contraindications

  • Do not use Makena in women with any of the following conditions:

Warnings

Thromboembolic Disorders

Allergic Reactions

Decrease in Glucose Tolerance

Fluid Retention

Depression

  • Monitor women who have a history of clinical depression and discontinue Makena if clinical depression recurs.

Jaundice

  • Carefully monitor women who develop jaundice while receiving Makena and consider whether the benefit of use warrants continuation.

Hypertension

  • Carefully monitor women who develop hypertension while receiving Makena and consider whether the benefit of use warrants continuation.

Adverse Reactions

Clinical Trials Experience

  • Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to the rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.

In a vehicle (placebo)-controlled clinical trial of 463 pregnant women at risk for spontaneous preterm delivery based on obstetrical history, 310 received 250 mg of Makena and 153 received a vehicle formulation containing no drug by a weekly intramuscular injection beginning at 16 to 20 weeks of gestation and continuing until 37 weeks of gestation or delivery, whichever occurred first.

Certain pregnancy-related fetal and maternal complications or events were numerically increased in the Makena-treated subjects as compared to control subjects, including miscarriage and stillbirth, admission for preterm labor, preeclampsia or gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, and oligohydramnios.

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

1 N = Total number of subjects enrolled prior to 20 weeks 0 days

2 N = Total number of subjects at risk ≥ 20 weeks

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

Common Adverse Reactions

The most common adverse reaction was injection site pain, which was reported after at least one injection by 34.8% of the Makena group and 32.7% of the control group. Table 3 lists adverse reactions that occurred in ≥2% of subjects and at a higher rate in the Makena group than in the control group.

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

In the clinical trial, 2.2% of subjects receiving Makena were reported as discontinuing therapy due to adverse reactions compared to 2.6% of control subjects. The most common adverse reactions that led to discontinuation in both groups were urticaria and injection site pain/swelling (1% each).

Pulmonary embolus in one subject and injection site cellulitis in another subject were reported as serious adverse reactions in Makena-treated subjects.

Postmarketing Experience

  • The following adverse reactions have been identified during postapproval use of Makena. Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
  • Body as a whole:
  • Digestive disorders:
  • Infections:
  • Nervous system disorders:
  • Pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions:
  • Skin:

Drug Interactions

  • Cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes: An in vitro inhibition study using human liver microsomes and CYP isoform-selective substrates indicated that hydroxyprogesterone caproate increased the metabolic rate of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, and CYP2B6 by approximately 80%, 150%, and 80%, respectively. However, in another in vitro study using human hepatocytes under conditions where the prototypical inducers or inhibitors caused the anticipated increases or decreases in CYP enzyme activities, hydroxyprogesterone caproate did not induce or inhibit CYP1A2, CYP2A6, or CYP2B6 activity. Overall, the findings indicate that hydroxyprogesterone caproate has minimal potential for CYP1A2, CYP2A6, and CYP2B6 related drug-drug interactions at the clinically relevant concentrations.

Use in Specific Populations

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Category (FDA): B

  • Reproduction studies have been performed in mice and rats at doses up to 95 and 5, respectively, times the human dose and have revealed no evidence of impaired fertility or harm to the fetus due to Makena.
  • Makena administration produced embryolethality in rhesus monkeys but not in cynomolgus monkeys exposed to 1 and 10 times the human dose equivalent every 7 days between days 20 and 146 of gestation. There were no teratogenic effects in either species.


Pregnancy Category (AUS): There is no Australian Drug Evaluation Committee (ADEC) guidance on usage of Hydroxyprogesterone caproate in women who are pregnant.

Labor and Delivery

  • Makena is not intended for use to stop active preterm labor. The effect of Makena in active labor is unknown.

Nursing Mothers

  • Discontinue Makena at 37 weeks of gestation or upon delivery. Detectable amounts of progestins have been identified in the milk of mothers receiving progestin treatment. Many studies have found no adverse effects of progestins on breastfeeding performance, or on the health, growth, or development of the infant

Pediatric Use

  • Makena is not indicated for use in children. Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients less than 16 years of age have not been established. A small number of women under age 18 years were studied; safety and efficacy are expected to be the same in women aged 16 years and above as for users 18 years and older.

Geriatic Use

Gender

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Hydroxyprogesterone caproate with respect to specific gender populations.

Race

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Hydroxyprogesterone caproate with respect to specific racial populations.

Renal Impairment

No studies have been conducted to examine the pharmacokinetics of Makena in patients with renal impairment.

Hepatic Impairment

  • No studies have been conducted to examine the pharmacokinetics of Makena in patients with hepatic impairment. Makena is extensively metabolized and hepatic impairment may reduce the elimination of Makena.

Females of Reproductive Potential and Males

There is no FDA guidance on the use of Hydroxyprogesterone caproate in women of reproductive potentials and males.

Immunocompromised Patients

There is no FDA guidance one the use of Hydroxyprogesterone caproate in patients who are immunocompromised.

Administration and Monitoring

Administration

  • Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. Makena is a clear, yellow solution. Do not use if solid particles appear or if the solution is cloudy.

Instructions for administration

Clean the vial top with an alcohol swab before use. Draw up 1 mL of drug into a 3 mL syringe with an 18 gauge needle. Change the needle to a 21 gauge 1 1/2 inch needle. After preparing the skin, inject in the upper outer quadrant of the gluteus maximus. The solution is viscous and oily. Slow injection (over one minute or longer) is recommended. Applying pressure to the injection site may minimize bruising and swelling. Discard any unused product 5 weeks after first use.

Monitoring

There is limited information regarding Hydroxyprogesterone caproate Monitoring in the drug label.

IV Compatibility

There is limited information regarding the compatibility of Hydroxyprogesterone caproate and IV administrations.

Overdosage

There is limited information regarding Hydroxyprogesterone caproate overdosage. If you suspect drug poisoning or overdose, please contact the National Poison Help hotline (1-800-222-1222) immediately.

Pharmacology

Template:Px
Hydroxyprogesterone caproate
Systematic (IUPAC) name
[(8R,9S,10R,13S,14S,17R)-17-acetyl-10,13-dimethyl-
3-oxo-2,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-decahydro-
1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] hexanoate
Identifiers
CAS number 630-56-8
ATC code ?
PubChem 169870
Chemical data
Formula Template:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBox atomTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBoxTemplate:OrganicBox 
Mol. mass 428.6041 g/mol
SMILES eMolecules & PubChem
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability ?
Metabolism ?
Half life ?
Excretion ?
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.

?

Legal status
Routes ?

Mechanism of Action

  • Hydroxyprogesterone caproate is a synthetic progestin. The mechanism by which hydroxyprogesterone caproate reduces the risk recurrent preterm birth is not known.

Structure

  • The active pharmaceutical ingredient in Makena is hydroxyprogesterone caproate.
  • The chemical name for hydroxyprogesterone caproate is pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione, 17[(1-oxohexyl)oxy]. It has an empirical formula of C27H40O4 and a molecular weight of 428.60. Hydroxyprogesterone caproate exists as white to practically white crystals or powder with a melting point of 120°-124°C.

The structural formula is:

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

Pharmacodynamics

No specific pharmacodynamic studies were conducted with Makena.

Pharmacokinetics

Absorption:
  • Peak serum levels of hydroxyprogesterone caproate appeared after 3-7 days in non-pregnant female subjects following a single intramuscular injection of 1000 mg hydroxyprogesterone caproate. Based on pharmacokinetic analysis of five non-pregnant female subjects who received a single intramuscular administration of 1000 mg hydroxyprogesterone caproate, the mean (±SD) Cmax is estimated to be 27.8 (±5.3) ng/mL, and the Tmax is estimated to be 4.6 (±1.7) days. The elimination half-life of hydroxyprogesterone caproate was 7.8 (±3.0) days. Once-weekly intramuscular administration of 1000 mg hydroxyprogesterone caproate to non-pregnant women resulted in trough concentration of 60.0 (±14) ng/mL after 13 weeks. The pharmacokinetics of the 250 mg dose of hydroxyprogesterone caproate has not been evaluated.
Distribution:
Metabolism:
Excretion:
  • Both conjugated metabolites and free steroids are excreted in the urine and feces, with the conjugated metabolites being prominent. Following intramuscular administration to pregnant women at 10-12 weeks gestation, approximately 50% of a dose was recovered in the feces and approximately 30% recovered in the urine.

Nonclinical Toxicology

There is limited information regarding Hydroxyprogesterone caproate Nonclinical Toxicology in the drug label.

Clinical Studies

Clinical Trial to Evaluate Reduction of Risk of Preterm Birth
  • A total of 463 pregnant women were randomized to receive either Makena (N=310) or vehicle (N=153) at a dose of 250 mg administered weekly by intramuscular injection starting between 16 weeks, 0 days and 20 weeks, 6 days of gestation, and continuing until 37 weeks of gestation or delivery. Demographics of the Makena-treated women were similar to those in the control group, and included: 59.0% Black, 25.5% Caucasian, 13.9% Hispanic and 0.6% Asian. The mean body mass index was 26.9 kg/m2.
  • The proportions of women in each treatment arm who delivered at <37 (the primary study endpoint), <35, and <32 weeks of gestation are displayed in Table 4.
This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.
  • Four Makena-treated subjects were lost to follow-up. They were counted as deliveries at their gestational ages at time of last contact (184, 220, 343 and 364 weeks).
  • Adjusted for interim analysis.


  • Compared to controls, treatment with Makena reduced the proportion of women who delivered preterm at <37 weeks. The proportions of women delivering at <35 and < 32 weeks also were lower among women treated with Makena. The upper bounds of the confidence intervals for the treatment difference at < 35 and <32 weeks were close to zero. Inclusion of zero in a confidence interval would indicate the treatment difference is not statistically significant. Compared to the other gestational ages evaluated, the number of preterm births at <32 weeks was limited.
  • After adjusting for time in the study, 7.5% of Makena-treated subjects delivered prior to 25 weeks compared to 4.7% of control subjects; see Figure 1.
This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.
This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.
  • A Four of the 310 Makena-treated subjects were lost to follow-up and stillbirth or neonatal status could not be determined
  • Percentages are based on the number of enrolled subjects and not adjusted for time on drug
  • Percentage adjusted for the number of at risk subjects (n=209 for Makena, n=107 for control) enrolled at <20 weeks gestation.
Infant Follow-Up Safety Study
  • Infants born to women enrolled in this study, and who survived to be discharged from the nursery, were eligible for participation in a follow-up safety study. Of 348 eligible offspring, 79.9% enrolled: 194 children of Makena-treated women and 84 children of control subjects. The primary endpoint was the score on the Ages & Stages Questionnaire (ASQ), which evaluates communication, gross motor, fine motor, problem solving, and personal/social parameters. The proportion of children whose scores met the screening threshold for developmental delay in each developmental domain was similar for each treatment group.

How Supplied

Makena (NDC 64011-243-01) is supplied as 5 mL of a sterile solution in a multidose glass vial.

Each 5 mL vial contains hydroxyprogesterone caproate USP, 250 mg/mL (25% w/v), in castor oil USP (28.6% v/v) and benzyl benzoate USP (46% v/v) with the preservative benzyl alcohol NF (2% v/v).

Single unit carton: Contains one 5 mL multidose vial of Makena (250 mg/mL) containing 1250 mg of hydroxyprogesterone caproate.

Storage

  • Store at controlled room temperature [15°-30°C (59°-86°F)]. Use within 5 weeks after first use.
  • Caution: Protect vial from light. Store vial in its box. Store upright.

Images

Drug Images

{{#ask: Page Name::Hydroxyprogesterone caproate |?Pill Name |?Drug Name |?Pill Ingred |?Pill Imprint |?Pill Dosage |?Pill Color |?Pill Shape |?Pill Size (mm) |?Pill Scoring |?NDC |?Drug Author |format=template |template=DrugPageImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Pill Name }}

Package and Label Display Panel

This image is provided by the National Library of Medicine.

Carton Label

NDC 64011-243-01

Makena® hydroxyprogesterone caproate injection

1250 mg/5 mL (250 mg/mL)

FOR INTRAMUSCULAR USE

5 mL multidose vial Rx ONLY

Store at controlled room temperature 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).

Caution: Protect from light. Store vial in its box. Store upright. Use within 5 weeks after first use.

Each mL contains: hydroxyprogesterone caproate 250 mg, benzyl benzoate 46%, castor oil 28.6%, and benzyl alcohol 2%, as preservative.

See package insert for full prescribing and patient information.

Lumara Health

P8009 6/14

Marketed by Lumara Health™ Chesterfield, MO 63005 {{#ask: Label Page::Hydroxyprogesterone caproate |?Label Name |format=template |template=DrugLabelImages |mainlabel=- |sort=Label Page }}

Patient Counseling Information

There is limited information regarding Hydroxyprogesterone caproate Patient Counseling Information in the drug label.

Precautions with Alcohol

Alcohol-Hydroxyprogesterone caproate interaction has not been established. Talk to your doctor about the effects of taking alcohol with this medication.

Brand Names

  • Hylutin
  • Prodrox
  • Makena

Look-Alike Drug Names

There is limited information regarding Hydroxyprogesterone caproate Look-Alike Drug Names in the drug label.

Drug Shortage Status

Price

References

The contents of this FDA label are provided by the National Library of Medicine.