Augmerosen: Difference between revisions

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Augmerosen
Clinical data
ATC code	L01XX36 (WHO) ;
Identifiers
ChemSpider	NA ;
UNII	85J5ZP6YSL;
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
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VisualWikitext

Revision as of 15:51, 10 April 2015

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]

Overview

Augmerosen is an antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotide being studied as a possible treatment for several types of cancer, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, and breast cancer. It may kill cancer cells by blocking the production of Bcl-2—a protein that makes cancer cells live longer—and by making them more sensitive to chemotherapy.

History

An antisense oligonucleotide drug Genasense (G3139) has been developed by Genta Incorporated to target Bcl-2. An antisense DNA or RNA strand is non-coding and complementary to the coding strand (which is the template for producing respectively RNA or protein). An antisense drug is a short sequence of RNA which hybridises with and inactivates mRNA, preventing the protein from being formed.

It was shown that the proliferation of human lymphoma cells (with t(14;18) translocation) could be inhibited by antisense RNA targeted at the start codon region of Bcl-2 mRNA. In vitro studies led to the identification of Genasense, which is complementary to the first 6 codons of Bcl-2 mRNA.^[1]

These have shown successful results in Phase I/II trials for lymphoma, and a large Phase III trial was launched in 2004.^[2]

By the first quarter 2010, Genasense had not received FDA approval due to disappointing results in a melanoma trial. Although safety and efficacy of Genasense have not been established for any use, Genta Incorporated still claims on its website that studies are currently underway to examine the potential role of Genasense in a variety of clinical indications.

References

↑ Dias N, Stein CA (November 2002). "Potential roles of antisense oligonucleotides in cancer therapy. The example of Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides". Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 54 (3): 263–9. doi:10.1016/S0939-6411(02)00060-7. PMID 12445555.
↑ Mavromatis BH, Cheson BD (June 2004). "Novel therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia". Blood Rev. 18 (2): 137–48. doi:10.1016/S0268-960X(03)00039-0. PMID 15010151.

External links

Augmerosen entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms

[pmid12445555-1] Dias N, Stein CA (November 2002). "Potential roles of antisense oligonucleotides in cancer therapy. The example of Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides". Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 54 (3): 263–9. doi:10.1016/S0939-6411(02)00060-7. PMID 12445555.

[pmid15010151-2] Mavromatis BH, Cheson BD (June 2004). "Novel therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia". Blood Rev. 18 (2): 137–48. doi:10.1016/S0268-960X(03)00039-0. PMID 15010151.

[1]

[2]

@@ Line 42: / Line 42: @@
 | molecular_weight =
 }}
+              __NOTOC__
+{{SI}}
+{{CMG}}
+==Overview==
+'''Augmerosen''' is an [[antisense therapy|antisense]] [[oligonucleotide|oligodeoxyribonucleotide]] being studied as a possible treatment for several types of [[cancer]], including [[chronic lymphocytic leukemia]], [[B-cell lymphoma]], and [[breast cancer]]. It may kill cancer cells by blocking the production of [[Bcl-2]]—a [[protein]] that makes cancer cells live longer—and by making them more sensitive to chemotherapy.
+==History==
+An antisense [[oligonucleotide]] drug [[Genasense]] (G3139) has been developed by [[Genta (company)|Genta Incorporated]] to target Bcl-2. An [[antisense]] DNA or RNA strand is non-coding and complementary to the coding strand (which is the template for producing respectively RNA or protein). An [[antisense drugs|antisense drug]] is a short sequence of RNA which hybridises with and inactivates mRNA, preventing the protein from being formed.
+It was shown that the proliferation of human [[lymphoma]] [[cell (biology)|cells]] (with t(14;18) translocation) could be inhibited by antisense RNA targeted at the start [[codon]] region of Bcl-2 [[mRNA]]. [[In vitro]] studies led to the identification of Genasense, which is complementary to the first 6 codons of Bcl-2 mRNA.<ref name="pmid12445555">{{cite journal | author = Dias N, Stein CA | title = Potential roles of antisense oligonucleotides in cancer therapy. The example of Bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotides | journal = Eur J Pharm Biopharm | volume = 54 | issue = 3 | pages = 263–9 |date=November 2002 | pmid = 12445555 | doi = 10.1016/S0939-6411(02)00060-7| url = http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0939641102000607 }}</ref>
+These have shown successful results in Phase I/II trials for lymphoma, and a large Phase III trial was launched in 2004.<ref name="pmid15010151">{{cite journal | author = Mavromatis BH, Cheson BD | title = Novel therapies for chronic lymphocytic leukemia | journal = Blood Rev. | volume = 18 | issue = 2 | pages = 137–48 |date=June 2004 | pmid = 15010151 | doi = 10.1016/S0268-960X(03)00039-0 | url =  }}</ref>
+By the first quarter 2010, Genasense had not received [[Food and Drug Administration|FDA]] approval due to disappointing results in a melanoma trial. Although safety and efficacy of Genasense have not been established for any use, Genta Incorporated still claims on its website that studies are currently underway to examine the potential role of Genasense in a variety of clinical indications.
+==References==
+{{reflist|2}}
+== External links ==
+* [http://www.cancer.gov/dictionary?CdrID=44539 Augmerosen] entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms
+{{Chemotherapeutic agents}}
+[[Category:Drug]]

v t e Chemotherapeutic agents/Antineoplastic agents (L01)
Alkylating and alkylating-like agents	Nitrogen mustards: (Chlorambucil, Chlormethine, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Melphalan, Bendamustine, Uramustine) Nitrosoureas:(Carmustine, Fotemustine, Lomustine, Streptozocin) Platinum (alkylating-like): (Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin, Triplatin tetranitrate, Satraplatin) Alkyl sulfonates:(Busulfan, Treosulfan) Hydrazines:(Procarbazine, Dacarbazine, Temozolomide) Aziridines:(ThioTEPA)
Antimetabolites	Folic acid: (Aminopterin, Methotrexate, Pemetrexed, Raltitrexed). Purine:(Cladribine, Clofarabine, Fludarabine, Mercaptopurine, Pentostatin, Thioguanine) Pyrimidine:(Capecitabine, Cytarabine, Decitabine, Fluorouracil, Floxuridine, Gemcitabine)
Spindle poison/mitotic inhibitor	Taxane: (Docetaxel, Larotaxel, Paclitaxel). Vinca: (Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vindesine, Vinorelbine).
Cytotoxic/antitumor antibiotics	Anthracycline family: (Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin, Mitoxantrone, Pixantrone, Valrubicin) streptomyces (Actinomycin, Bleomycin, Mitomycin, Plicamycin) - Hydroxyurea
Topoisomerase inhibitors	Camptotheca: (Camptothecin, Topotecan, Irinotecan, Rubitecan), Podophyllum:(Etoposide, Teniposide)
CI monoclonal antibodies	Receptor tyrosine kinase (Cetuximab, Panitumumab, Trastuzumab) - CD20 (Rituximab, Tositumomab) - other (Alemtuzumab, Bevacizumab, Gemtuzumab)
Photosensitizers	Aminolevulinic acid, Methyl aminolevulinate, Porfimer sodium, Verteporfin
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors	Axitinib, Bosutinib, Cediranib, Dasatinib, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Imatinib, Lapatinib, Lestaurtinib, Nilotinib, Semaxanib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Vandetanib
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor	Seliciclib
Other	retinoids (Alitretinoin, Tretinoin), Fusion protein (Aflibercept) - Altretamine, Amsacrine, Anagrelide, Arsenic trioxide, Asparaginase (Pegaspargase), Bexarotene, Bortezomib, Celecoxib, Denileukin diftitox, Elesclomol, Estramustine, Irofulven, Ixabepilone, Masoprocol, Mitotane, Oblimersen, Testolactone, Tipifarnib, Trabectedin

Clinical data
ATC code	L01XX36 (WHO)
Identifiers
ChemSpider	NA^N
UNII	85J5ZP6YSL
E number	{{#property:P628}}
ECHA InfoCard	{{#property:P2566}}Lua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 36: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
^NY (what is this?) (verify)