WBR1105: Difference between revisions
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|MainCategory=Anatomy, Physiology | |MainCategory=Anatomy, Physiology | ||
|SubCategory=Pulmonology | |SubCategory=Pulmonology | ||
|MainCategory=Anatomy, Physiology | |||
|MainCategory=Anatomy, Physiology | |MainCategory=Anatomy, Physiology | ||
|MainCategory=Anatomy, Physiology | |MainCategory=Anatomy, Physiology | ||
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* PaCO{{sub|2}}= 40 mmHg | * PaCO{{sub|2}}= 40 mmHg | ||
* P{{sub|expired}} CO{{sub|2}}= | * P{{sub|expired}} CO{{sub|2}}= 28 mmHg | ||
* Respiratory Rate: 16/min | * Respiratory Rate: 16/min | ||
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In normal individuals, physiologic dead space is approximately 150mL. However, plugging in the values given in the stem to the Bohr equation, we find that the | In normal individuals, physiologic dead space is approximately 150mL. However, plugging in the values given in the stem to the Bohr equation, we find that the physiologic dead space is increased to 180 mL. | ||
|AnswerA=150 mL | |AnswerA=150 mL | ||
|AnswerAExp= | |AnswerAExp=150mL is approximately the normal physiologic dead space, but the dead space in this patient is increased as the volume can be determined by the Bohr equation to be 180mL. | ||
|AnswerB=175 mL | |AnswerB=175 mL | ||
|AnswerBExp= | |AnswerBExp=Inserting the values given above into the Bohr equation shows that the physiologic dead space in this patient is 180 mL. | ||
|AnswerC=180 mL | |AnswerC=180 mL | ||
|AnswerCExp= | |AnswerCExp=Inserting the values given above into the Bohr equation shows that the physiologic dead space in this patient is 180 mL. | ||
|AnswerD=190 mL | |AnswerD=190 mL | ||
|AnswerDExp= | |AnswerDExp=Inserting the values given above into the Bohr equation shows that the physiologic dead space in this patient is 180 mL. | ||
|AnswerE=225 mL | |AnswerE=225 mL | ||
|AnswerEExp= | |AnswerEExp=Inserting the values given above into the Bohr equation shows that the physiologic dead space in this patient is 180 mL. | ||
|EducationalObjectives=The physiologic dead space can be calculated | |EducationalObjectives=The physiologic dead space can be calculated with the Bohr equation, which quantifies the using the dilution of alveolar CO2 as it is exhaled. | ||
|References=First Aid 2014 page 596 | |References=First Aid 2015 page 602<br> | ||
First Aid 2014 page 596 | |||
|RightAnswer=C | |RightAnswer=C | ||
|WBRKeyword=Lung, Lung volume, Dead space, Pulmonology | |WBRKeyword=Lung, Lung volume, Dead space, Pulmonology, Physiology, Respiratory physiology | ||
|Approved=Yes | |Approved=Yes | ||
}} | }} | ||
Revision as of 02:50, 19 April 2015
| Author | PageAuthor::William J Gibson |
|---|---|
| Exam Type | ExamType::USMLE Step 1 |
| Main Category | MainCategory::Anatomy, MainCategory::Physiology |
| Sub Category | SubCategory::Pulmonology |
| Prompt | [[Prompt::The Kayan tribe is a Burmese tribe known for a tradition in which the women gradually extend the length of their necks with coils. A 35-year-old Kayan woman presents to her local physician for shortness of breath that occurs when she travels to the farm. Before administering a methacholine challenge test, the physician makes some baseline measurements:
Which of the following represents the physiologic dead space in this patient?]] |
| Answer A | AnswerA::150 mL |
| Answer A Explanation | AnswerAExp::150mL is approximately the normal physiologic dead space, but the dead space in this patient is increased as the volume can be determined by the Bohr equation to be 180mL. |
| Answer B | AnswerB::175 mL |
| Answer B Explanation | AnswerBExp::Inserting the values given above into the Bohr equation shows that the physiologic dead space in this patient is 180 mL. |
| Answer C | AnswerC::180 mL |
| Answer C Explanation | AnswerCExp::Inserting the values given above into the Bohr equation shows that the physiologic dead space in this patient is 180 mL. |
| Answer D | AnswerD::190 mL |
| Answer D Explanation | AnswerDExp::Inserting the values given above into the Bohr equation shows that the physiologic dead space in this patient is 180 mL. |
| Answer E | AnswerE::225 mL |
| Answer E Explanation | AnswerEExp::Inserting the values given above into the Bohr equation shows that the physiologic dead space in this patient is 180 mL. |
| Right Answer | RightAnswer::C |
| Explanation | [[Explanation::The patient in this vignette is being evaluated for asthma after reporting feeling pulmonary symptoms on exposure to a foreign stimulus (the farm). In this case, the patient has a unique anatomy due to the tribe’s tradition of using series of coils to extend their necks. Dead space is the volume of air which is inhaled that does not take part in the gas exchange, either because it remains in the conducting airways, or reaches alveoli that are not perfused or poorly perfused. We are asked to calculate the physiologic dead space in this patient.
Just as dead space wastes a fraction of the inhaled breath, dead space dilutes alveolar air during exhalation. By quantifying this dilution it is possible to measure anatomical and alveolar dead space, employing the concept of mass balance, as expressed by Bohr equation (below).
|
| Approved | Approved::Yes |
| Keyword | WBRKeyword::Lung, WBRKeyword::Lung volume, WBRKeyword::Dead space, WBRKeyword::Pulmonology, WBRKeyword::Physiology, WBRKeyword::Respiratory physiology |
| Linked Question | Linked:: |
| Order in Linked Questions | LinkedOrder:: |
